tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-27505935656921733202024-02-19T07:28:14.852-08:00E-contrast--------------------- Opiniones e información sobre temas de interés para el consumidor ----------------------Unknownnoreply@blogger.comBlogger429125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2750593565692173320.post-67083955502562603542022-06-01T13:54:00.002-07:002022-06-01T13:56:23.636-07:00Switzerland: Prohibited and controlled advertising<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjG82jHXpcaBnioZPTnH4RsW8HCj_NIEQB1Qj4KZkUWgLN8nuBUEqesCJZCwxM5HzD_yL5LhAw0jcYwlrVrAI94_7Uvc7EYNBAqik2e2w8lZt786o541lLaY5G_VEbTGOnnOcz6v1MDp1hkQ7i2Y1CYFMpCCKib1pvvc1ztN1UL8WEkS6WXZSGkHLm_/s700/suiza.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="351" data-original-width="700" height="226" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjG82jHXpcaBnioZPTnH4RsW8HCj_NIEQB1Qj4KZkUWgLN8nuBUEqesCJZCwxM5HzD_yL5LhAw0jcYwlrVrAI94_7Uvc7EYNBAqik2e2w8lZt786o541lLaY5G_VEbTGOnnOcz6v1MDp1hkQ7i2Y1CYFMpCCKib1pvvc1ztN1UL8WEkS6WXZSGkHLm_/w451-h226/suiza.jpg" width="451" /></a></div><p style="-webkit-text-stroke: 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><br /></p><p><em style="-webkit-text-stroke: 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">Prohibited products and services</em></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke: 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: justify;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">What products and services may not be advertised?</strong></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke: 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: justify;">Certain products are banned from public advertising altogether, such as prescription drugs. Further, there are several restrictions concerning broadcast advertising: in addition to alcohol and tobacco, advertisements for gambling and lotteries without licence, for political parties and political persons either holding or running for office, and for religious beliefs, are prohibited. Topics that are subject to the popular vote and religious denominations as well as the people and institutions representing them may also not be advertised on the radio or television.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><em style="-webkit-text-stroke: 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">Prohibited advertising methods</em></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke: 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: justify;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">Are certain advertising methods prohibited?</strong></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke: 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: justify;">Any aggressive methods, such as exercising physical or psychological pressure, cornering prospective clients or in any other way limiting their free decision-making abilities, are prohibited. Spam emails are allowed only if the sender of the advertisement is visibly and correctly recognisable, the message includes a ‘remove me’ or ‘unsubscribe’ option that, when clicked, removes the recipient from the mailing list and if the recipient has given either prior consent to their inclusion in the mailing list or has previously purchased something from the sender. Additionally, mass advertising is restricted, and with the newly adopted article 45a of the Telecommunications Act, telecommunications service providers are now obliged to combat unfair mass advertising. Further, newly adopted provisions of the Federal Act against Unfair Competition (UCA) restrict advertising calls and add a respective opt-in obligation. They also prohibit spoofing in connection with advertising calls. There are a few more specific rules such as, for example, prohibiting the use of loudspeakers on motor vehicles as well as individual cantonal regulations. Furthermore, the guidelines of the Swiss Commission for Fairness ban gender-discriminatory advertising and consider advertising as sexist and, thus, unfair, if it lacks a natural link between the person embodying the gender and the advertised product.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><em style="-webkit-text-stroke: 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">Protection of minors</em></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke: 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: justify;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">What are the rules for advertising as regards minors and their protection?</strong></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke: 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: justify;">There is no special law concerning the protection of minors in Switzerland: thus, such regulation in the area of advertising falls under the provisions of the UCA. Products unsuitable for minors may not be advertised in media aimed at this target group. Material unsuitable for children must be clearly marked as such. Advertising must not exploit the inexperience and credulity of minors and may especially not display the performance and use of the product in an exaggerated or false manner. It is not appropriate to compromise the social values of minors by, for example, undermining the authority of their parents, displaying violent content or linking the product to social standing. </p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke: 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: justify;">The Federal Radio and Television Act stipulates specific rules on advertising to minors in broadcasting, such as the rule that programmes for children may not be interrupted by advertising at all. The advertising of tobacco products directed at minors is prohibited. There are industry codes self-restricting the advertisement of further goods to minors, such as e-cigarettes.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><em style="-webkit-text-stroke: 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">Credit and financial products</em></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke: 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: justify;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">Are there special rules for advertising credit or financial products?</strong></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke: 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: justify;">In general, the UCA is also applicable to the advertising of credit or financial products. In public advertising of consumer credit, the name of the company of the creditor must be easily and clearly recognisable. The law requires clear indications in the advertisement concerning the net amount of the credit, its total costs and the actual annual interest, as well as at least one example calculation. The Swiss Banking Association advises its members to refrain from any targeted advertising. It further discourages any sort of misleading statements such as ‘savings credit’ and any statements that could encourage uneconomical behaviour.</p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke: 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: justify;">The advertising of financial instruments is further regulated by financial market regulations (such as the Federal Act on Financial Services or the Federal Banking Act). For example, any advertisement for financial instruments in the sense of financial market law must be readily recognisable as such. Advertisements for financial services (eg, asset management, investments advice) must be marked as such. Non-compliance is punishable with fines of up to 100,000 Swiss francs.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><em style="-webkit-text-stroke: 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">Therapeutic goods and services</em></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke: 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: justify;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">Are there special rules for claims made about therapeutic goods and services?</strong></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke: 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: justify;">Specific provisions for the advertising of therapeutic goods and services are included in the Federal Ordinance on the Advertising of Medicinal Products, the Federal Ordinance on Medical Devices and the Federal Act on Medicinal Products and Medical Devices. Furthermore, such advertising also falls under the general legal provisions of the UCA.</p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke: 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: justify;">The applicable law differentiates clearly between advertising targeted at professionals and advertising targeted at the general public. It contains specific provisions and lists regulating what may or may not be advertised or included in such advertising. Advertising directed at the general public for prescription-only medicinal products is prohibited. Advertising for over-the-counter medicinal products to the general public is, in principle, permitted. However, medicinal products which have not (yet) obtained a marketing authorisation in Switzerland may not be advertised.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><em style="-webkit-text-stroke: 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">Food and health</em></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke: 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: justify;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">Are there special rules for claims about foodstuffs regarding health and nutrition, and weight control?</strong></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke: 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: justify;">Advertising of foodstuffs is regulated by the Federal Act on Foodstuffs and the Ordinance on Foodstuffs and Commodities. Claims concerning the effects or properties of a food that, according to current scientific knowledge, it does not possess, or that are not sufficiently scientifically substantiated are prohibited. Health claims are explicitly prohibited in the advertising of foodstuffs save for a list of authorised nutrition claims. Advertisers may apply for special approval for claims from the Federal Health Ministry. Any nutrition or health claims must be correct and formulated in a way that they are understandable to consumers. Advertisements may not claim possible health hazards in the case of non-consumption of the product and must always include indications on the importance of a varied and balanced diet and a healthy lifestyle. Any health-related claims may not be associated with claims concerning weight loss or the duration and extent thereof.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><em style="-webkit-text-stroke: 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">Alcohol</em></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke: 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: justify;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">What are the rules for advertising alcoholic beverages?</strong></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke: 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: justify;">Advertisements for alcoholic beverages are, among others, regulated by the Federal Act on Foodstuffs and the Federal Act on Alcohol. As a general rule, advertising for alcoholic beverages must not be directed at children or adolescents and may not include any type of health claims. Additionally, many cantons and municipalities have chosen to issue a general prohibition for public advertising of alcoholic beverages.</p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke: 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: justify;">The advertising of alcoholic beverages of more than 15 per cent by volume is subject to severe restrictions: for example, advertising is permitted only if its content is directly related to the product; it is prohibited to advertise spirits on the radio or television, on public buildings, on sporting grounds or on public transport.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><em style="-webkit-text-stroke: 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">Tobacco</em></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke: 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: justify;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">What are the rules for advertising tobacco products?</strong></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke: 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: justify;">Advertising tobacco products is specifically regulated in the Federal Ordinance on Tobacco Products and Products Containing Tobacco Substitutes. It is prohibited to advertise tobacco products on the radio or television and to direct such advertisements towards children and adolescents. All advertisements are subject to a declaration requirement as well an obligation to display warnings.</p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke: 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: justify;">The organisation ‘Swiss Cigarette’ has established an agreement with the Swiss Commission for Fairness that further specifies and limits tobacco advertising. It particularly states that a general warning must always be in the three official Swiss languages and take up at least 10 per cent of the advertising surface.</p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke: 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: justify;">In October 2021, the Federal Parliament has passed a revised Tobacco Product Act which will prohibit tobacco advertising on posters, in cinemas, on sports grounds, in and on public buildings and in and on public transport; tobacco advertising aimed at minors; and sponsorship of events for young people or of events of an international character. This Tobacco Product Act constitutes a counter-proposal to the people’s initiative 'Children without Tobacco', which aims at even stricter regulation of the advertisement of tobacco products. Hence, the content and date of coming into force are unknown at present and dependent on the outcome of voting in February 2022.</p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke: 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: justify;">Against the applicable provisions in the Federal Act on Foodstuffs, based on a recent decision of the Federal Supreme Court, e-cigarettes containing nicotine can now be sold and advertised in Switzerland without particular restrictions as regards the protection of minors if they meet the technical requirements of an EU or EEA member state. However, one of the applicable soft law codes prohibiting sales and advertising to minors has recently been extended to 'other nicotine-containing products' such as e-cigarettes. Under the new Tobacco Products Act, e-cigarettes are intended to be regulated extensively (including their advertising).</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><em style="-webkit-text-stroke: 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">Gambling</em></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke: 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: justify;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">Are there special rules for advertising gambling?</strong></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke: 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: justify;">The offering and advertising of money games are subject to the strict regulation of the Money Games Act. Advertising is allowed only for licensed money games and if it is not misleading or intrusive. In addition, the advertising must not be directed at minors or persons barred from playing money games. The Act further prohibits advertising that implies that the players’ knowledge, skills or other characteristics influence their chances of winning without this actually being the case. There are additional restrictions on the form and time of the advertising. Inadmissible advertising to blocked or underage persons is punishable by a fine of up to 500,000 Swiss francs.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><em style="-webkit-text-stroke: 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">Lotteries</em></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke: 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: justify;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">What are the rules for advertising lotteries?</strong></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke: 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: justify;">Lotteries are also regulated by the Money Games Act. In general, the running of lotteries must be licensed. As regards the advertising of lotteries, this can be referred to the respective rules applicable to money games. Accordingly, advertising must not be carried out in a misleading or intrusive manner and may not be directed at minors or blocked persons.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><em style="-webkit-text-stroke: 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">Promotional contests</em></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke: 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: justify;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">What are the requirements for advertising and offering promotional contests?</strong></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke: 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: justify;">The Money Games Act has lifted the previously existing general ban on games of chance for sales promotion. Provided that promotional contests are carried out for a short period only and do not create any danger of excessive gambling, they are exempted from the scope of the Act and the respective rules on licensing and advertising do not apply. Case law will have to show what the terms ‘promotional’, ‘short period’ and ‘danger of excessive gambling’ mean. However, stricter rules apply to media companies: they are permitted to offer and advertise promotional contests only if participation is free and unconditional on purchase.</p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke: 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: justify;">The UCA requires that all participants in a competition be informed in detail about the conditions of participation and winning. Any ambiguities and misleading information are not permitted in the case of games and promotional contests.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><em style="-webkit-text-stroke: 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">Indirect marketing</em></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke: 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: justify;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">Are there any restrictions on indirect marketing, such as commercial sponsorship of programmes and product placement?</strong></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke: 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: justify;">Sponsorship in radio and television broadcasts is permitted; however, it must be clearly distinguishable from advertising and the editorial content. Sponsors must be named at the beginning and end of broadcasts and advertising statements may not be included in broadcasts. Companies whose products fall under an advertisement prohibition may usually not act as sponsors. Product placements constitute sponsorship and may not have any advertising effect for the sponsor and towards third parties. Broadcasts with product placements must indicate this at the beginning thereof. Product placement is prohibited in children’s shows.</p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke: 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDKi8QUM38dOHCKOYpWrf6dD13teMO6avJmVqlD3O_6W9aE9nfy_U5mKOKSvpou-mB0p7xtkhrFoho5ZEtGwb3CExnU_jN1i-KbhAWtOvDZBubYDUoGqvLxMUE8r7bWFLO7atniLe9eKEmfTjT4DULAjcFmuqs0zfqiOymvCPisdrRar9vpBS-6MYD/s2000/suiza2.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1334" data-original-width="2000" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDKi8QUM38dOHCKOYpWrf6dD13teMO6avJmVqlD3O_6W9aE9nfy_U5mKOKSvpou-mB0p7xtkhrFoho5ZEtGwb3CExnU_jN1i-KbhAWtOvDZBubYDUoGqvLxMUE8r7bWFLO7atniLe9eKEmfTjT4DULAjcFmuqs0zfqiOymvCPisdrRar9vpBS-6MYD/s320/suiza2.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p style="-webkit-text-stroke: 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">Other advertising rules</em></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke: 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: justify;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">Briefly give details of any other notable special advertising regimes.</strong></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke: 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: justify;">Owing to their recognised need to protect their local language, some cantons have special provisions under which advertisements are required to be in a certain language.</p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke: 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: justify;">Certain professions such as lawyers and doctors are subject to advertising restrictions. In addition, political advertising on the radio and television is banned; however, it is allowed in other media.</p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke: 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: justify;">According to the Coat of Arms Protection Act, federal, cantonal and communal coats of arms or related symbols and characteristics may not be used in advertising by private persons.</p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke: 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><br /></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke: 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><a class="firmName" href="https://www.lexology.com/contributors/jones-day" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #276674; font-weight: 700; outline: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; word-break: break-word;">Jones Day</a><span style="background-color: #efefef; color: #666666;"> - </span><span style="background-color: #efefef; color: #666666;"> Armelle Sandrin-Deforge and </span><a class="logclick ct_auth2" href="https://www.lexology.com/1324/author/Karim_Tarantino/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #276674; outline: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; word-break: break-word;">Karim Tarantino</a></p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2750593565692173320.post-41789746344867500492022-05-30T11:46:00.016-07:002022-05-30T12:06:30.707-07:00🟠 Barcelona 7.7.2022: X JORNADA TÈCNICA DEL GECCC - Visions i opinions de com pot ser la producció primària d’aliments en el segle XXI a Catalunya <p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjX9AQd19mkay0LsJymuxB4-awMIxnjBHUQtu_uK73SSTydeIOuCCrJQJ6rt5D1mjTqGZewI-_7bktK0DBKFZMt3tDz9A0C_AeQf2JAN8ILXfVvM6N11dfX5eBlFRfapYP1RlcRY-NIUUrNT8pvBe78VuflQNXY7kyRNjxtKr1OkjR9dPchRuMv-JSZ/s1059/geccc2.PNG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="278" data-original-width="1059" height="149" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjX9AQd19mkay0LsJymuxB4-awMIxnjBHUQtu_uK73SSTydeIOuCCrJQJ6rt5D1mjTqGZewI-_7bktK0DBKFZMt3tDz9A0C_AeQf2JAN8ILXfVvM6N11dfX5eBlFRfapYP1RlcRY-NIUUrNT8pvBe78VuflQNXY7kyRNjxtKr1OkjR9dPchRuMv-JSZ/w570-h149/geccc2.PNG" width="570" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><span style="font-size: large;"><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #783f04;"> </span><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><b><span style="color: #783f04;">X JORNADA TÈCNICA DEL GECCC</span> </b></span></div></span><p></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: large;">Visions i opinions de com pot ser la producció primària d’aliments en el
segle XXI a Catalunya </span></p><p><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: large;">7 DE JULIOL, IEC, Carme, 47, 08001-BARCELONA, Sala PI I SUNYER </span></p><p><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: large;"> 🟠 </span><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: x-large;">09:45-10:00 Presentació del GECCC i de la Jornada
Javier Martín-Vide (GECCC-UB) </span></p><p><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: large;">🟠 </span><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: x-large;">10:00-10:25 La incertesa ambiental en el segle XXI a Catalunya
Marc Prohom (SMC) </span></p><p><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: large;">🟠 </span><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: x-large;">10:30-10:55 La producció d’aliments al camp i al mar, segons l’informe MedECC
Robert Savé (GECCC-IRTA)
1</span></p><p><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: x-large;">☕ 11:00-11:25 Cafè </span></p><p><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: large;">🟠 </span><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: x-large;">11:30-11:55 Tot el menjar vindrà del camp/mar? Realitat o ficció
Anna Palli (IRTA) </span></p><p><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: large;">🟠 </span><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: x-large;">12:00-12:25 La legislació alimentària com a marc equitatiu i sostenible per a la
producció i la disponibilitat d'aliments
Lluis González Vaqué (Fundació Triptolemos) </span></p><p><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: large;">🟡 </span><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: x-large;">12:30-13:15 Debat general </span></p><p><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: large;">🟩 </span><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: x-large;">13:20 Clausura </span></p><p><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: x-large;">Organitza: Grup d’Experts en Canvi Climàtic de Catalunya (Coordinador: Robert Savé)</span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><h1 class="art-postheader" style="background-color: white; color: #426794; font-family: Moul, Arial, "Arial Unicode MS", Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 24px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 28.8px; margin: 5px 10px; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: helvetica; font-size: x-large; text-align: center;">📧 </span>Contacte</h1><div class="art-postcontent clearfix" style="background-color: white; font-family: Muli, Arial, "Arial Unicode MS", Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;"><p style="margin: 13px 0px 13px 20px; padding: 0px;">Secretaria tècnica del Grup d’Experts en Canvi Climàtic de Catalunya:</p><p style="margin: 13px 0px 13px 20px; padding: 0px;"><strong>Rosa M. Bosch Casadevall</strong><br /><span style="text-decoration-line: underline;"><a href="mailto:gecccat@gmail.com" style="color: #e2341d; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;">gecccat@gmail.com</a></span><br /><span style="text-decoration-line: underline;"><a href="http://canvi-climatic.espais.iec.cat/" style="color: #e2341d; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;">http://canvi-climatic.espais.iec.cat</a></span></p><div class="addtoany_share_save_container addtoany_content addtoany_content_bottom" style="clear: both; margin: 16px 0px;"><div class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list" data-a2a-title="Contacte" data-a2a-url="https://canvi-climatic.espais.iec.cat/contacte/" style="display: inline; line-height: 32px; outline: 0px; touch-action: manipulation;"><a class="a2a_button_facebook" href="https://canvi-climatic.espais.iec.cat/#facebook" rel="nofollow noopener" style="border: 0px; box-shadow: none; color: #e2341d; 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margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="424" data-original-width="636" height="346" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMCQU7DAegoVwha9vO8HoJGsxJpLF4WJJSFaWEYgKMpb4rC2uxlpedFfoG-v9B1s93BWjig5WEh-F6ti5WmFEvfZEgC9-2N2rdV7_tk_-9VEEcqhvvQ2f0BTSu09fpdd_K2EJN4l4JppcMVKl2DI1MTLsH3uKrpkKAVaMspgrCcNrGBSMWMRXy_b8l/w520-h346/foie-gras-edited.jpg" width="520" /></a></div><br /><p></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #4b4b4b;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: large;">The US Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit on May 6 rejected a challenge to California’s ban on foie gras. A three-judge panel of the court ruled by a 2-1 margin that the foie gras ban was not pre-empted by federal law and did not violate the dormant Commerce Clause of the US Constitution. The statute provides that a product may not be sold in California “if it is the result of force feeding a bird for the purpose of enlarging the bird’s liver beyond normal size.” The panel found that the plaintiffs in the case had not shown any cognizable burden on interstate commerce resulting from the law and also found that the state has an interest in public health and in preventing animal cruelty. The panel also upheld the district court’s ruling that the ban should be read as applying to sales in the state but not to online, phone and fax sales from out of state to California buyers.</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #4b4b4b;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #4b4b4b;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></p><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="color: #4b4b4b;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Source: </span></span><span style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #4b4b4b; font-family: helvetica;"><a href="https://www.dlapiper.com/en/us/insights/publications/2022/05/food-beverage-news-trends-may-19/">https://www.dlapiper.com/en/us/insights/publications/2022/05/food-beverage-news-trends-may-19/</a></span></span></span></p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2750593565692173320.post-4134724363053499772022-05-20T15:35:00.011-07:002022-05-21T06:01:26.470-07:00💡 FRANCIA: ¿Una buena idea para mejorar la comprensión de la fecha de caducidad ("use by") en el etiquetado alimentario?<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUQxxcEK2KfVnRRwcWtgGj7cLmwupruoDj4ew_3zOqMsiQTzoFXqpgxqvhALQaovmc4PjqfznVHZOGgjpbZiPWlhU3N7ouCTm9a7kyJ6HzRVCy9qxsXxHattFNOMvYYP_AxM-60Wuu_3lXlZ58GtKr9UpxPsMeG9WDbv9JaTRz6mLeO-lcC-AAo9ep/s767/Capturablanca3.PNG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="676" data-original-width="767" height="443" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUQxxcEK2KfVnRRwcWtgGj7cLmwupruoDj4ew_3zOqMsiQTzoFXqpgxqvhALQaovmc4PjqfznVHZOGgjpbZiPWlhU3N7ouCTm9a7kyJ6HzRVCy9qxsXxHattFNOMvYYP_AxM-60Wuu_3lXlZ58GtKr9UpxPsMeG9WDbv9JaTRz6mLeO-lcC-AAo9ep/w503-h443/Capturablanca3.PNG" width="503" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><br /><p></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: large;">No cabe duda de que las fechas de durabilidad, reguladas siguiendo las
normativas de la Unión Europea, confunden más que informan al consumidor y esta
desorientación tiene un impacto notable, por ejemplo, en el despilfarro y
perdidas de alimentos.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: large;">El hecho de que Francia en cumplimiento de lo previsto en la Directiva (UE)
2015/1535, de 9 de septiembre de 2015, por la que se establece un procedimiento
de información en materia de reglamentaciones técnicas y de reglas relativas a
los servicios de la sociedad de la información<a href="#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="line-height: 107%;">[1]</span></span></span></a>
un proyecto de <i>Decreto sobre normas
detalladas para informar a los consumidores sobre la idoneidad de los productos
alimenticios para el consumo después de su fecha de duración mínima</i>.</span></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: large;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: large;">Al hacerlo, Francia, cumplió su obligación, impuesta a todos los Estados
miembros de la Unión de informar a la Comisión de su intención de adoptar una
normativa técnica <i>antes de propulgarla</i>.</span></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: large;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: large;">Dicho proyecto incluye una interesante propuesta<a href="#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="line-height: 107%;">[2]</span></span></span></a>,
que si no se plantean objeciones será aplicable a <b>todos los productos alimenticios preenvasados con una fecha de duración
mínima</b>:</span></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: large;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: large;">«El Decreto se adopta de conformidad con el artículo L. 412-7 del Código de
Consumo derivado del artículo 35 de la Ley n.º 2020-105, de 10 de febrero, de
lucha contra los residuos y de economía circular. Especifica las indicaciones
que deben seguir los profesionales cuando opten, según lo permite el artículo
L. 412-7 del Código de Consumo, por informar a los consumidores de que <i>un producto alimenticio sigue pudiendo
consumirse una vez transcurrida su fecha de duración mínima</i>.</span></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: large;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: large;">Se ofrecen tres posibilidades:</span></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: large;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: large;">- añadir las palabras «<b>Para un sabor
óptimo</b>», antes de indicar la fecha de duración mínima,</span></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: large;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: large;">- la indicación «<b>Este producto podrá
consumirse después de esta fecha</b>» o cualquier indicación que tenga el mismo
significado para el consumidor, en el mismo campo visual que la fecha de
duración mínima, o</span></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: large;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: large;">- la combinación de estos enunciados.</span></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: large;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><o:p><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: large;"> </span></o:p></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: large;">Opinamos que esta proposición podría ser <b>copiada</b> por otros Estados o, incluso mejor: que se modificara el
Reglamento vigente en materia de etiquetado alimentario para incluir esa
solución; y decimos <i>solución</i> porque os
consumidores a menudo confunden las fechas de caducidad<a href="#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="line-height: 107%;">[3]</span></span></span></a>
con las fechas de duración mínima, lo que lleva a desechar productos que
todavía pueden consumirse y a desperdiciar alimentos. </span></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: large;">Por consiguiente, Francia propone una indicación adicional a la fecha de
duración mínima prevista en el Reglamento (UE) n.º 1169/2011, a fin de informar
de forma más clara de que el producto sigue pudiendo consumirse una vez
superada su fecha de duración mínima.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: large;">Se trata de una indicación que podrán colocar voluntariamente los
operadores, a la espera de la finalización de la revisión del Reglamento (UE)
n.º 1169/2011 anunciada sobre este asunto.</span></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: large;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: right;"><o:p><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: large;"><b><span style="color: #2b00fe;">Luis González Vaqué</span></b> </span></o:p></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: right;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjPw47MBR82SZMj700w-zRV_BRi9iYOA_H21E2CqACEHnU2bWp5TcpIkT3rEbeEbPW8TbMUEMTQFffvklLIxZvU1RgDzluIrnm0k08P3sASWnXkimip-6yxdYYv0-7vwrnmaUdGcadQEsFtJzi_caZuWOT4B6d0RqgrZT1TfQ065L1MUcJJPGzyerDq/s866/eu%20hub3.PNG" style="clear: right; display: inline; font-family: helvetica; font-size: large; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="373" data-original-width="866" height="138" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjPw47MBR82SZMj700w-zRV_BRi9iYOA_H21E2CqACEHnU2bWp5TcpIkT3rEbeEbPW8TbMUEMTQFffvklLIxZvU1RgDzluIrnm0k08P3sASWnXkimip-6yxdYYv0-7vwrnmaUdGcadQEsFtJzi_caZuWOT4B6d0RqgrZT1TfQ065L1MUcJJPGzyerDq/s320/eu%20hub3.PNG" width="320" /></a></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: right;"><o:p><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></o:p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;"><br /> </span><p></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><o:p><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;"> </span></o:p></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><o:p><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;"> </span></o:p></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><o:p><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;"> </span></o:p></p><p>
</p><div><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><br clear="all" />
<hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" />
<!--[endif]-->
<div id="ftn1">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[1]</span></b></span><!--[endif]--></b></span></a> <a href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/ES/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32015L1535&from=EN">https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/ES/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32015L1535&from=EN</a> </p>
</div>
<div id="ftn2">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[2]</span></b></span><!--[endif]--></b></span></a> Texto
del proyecto notificado disponible (en español) en: <a href="https://app.box.com/s/b0mecbcetu3khvjvgf94j2aa9kjs4m5f">https://app.box.com/s/b0mecbcetu3khvjvgf94j2aa9kjs4m5f</a> </p>
</div>
<div id="ftn3">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[3]</span></b></span><!--[endif]--></b></span></a> “Fecha
de caducidad” es una errónea versión, nunca corregida por las autoridades
competentes, de “the minimum durability date – use by date”.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><o:p> </o:p></p>
</div>
</div><p><br /></p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2750593565692173320.post-66656626547821581172022-04-28T07:50:00.005-07:002022-04-28T07:50:41.269-07:00COSTA RICA: POTENTIAL REFORM TO THE LAW ON CANNABIS FOR MEDICINAL AND THERAPEUTIC USE AND HEMP FOR FOOD AND INDUSTRIAL USE. Nº10.113<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCfCWgsacrWwGTO6XwbmHvM1FhPP0Ih6KMYXEr_jQwMMOxzepwxzWuscXlKt7vgIk6iNwQWW0XhM38FxvB5BS1xdoBkN6SqG-gBOR00vFrK4SRDMuYZpZGckMytZ1g8ITs2JtZPc41qzeDTndMAHOIIYzw9hd2wOx0R8qUUBcQXORiB1kath6rc9DT/s1600/costa-rica-cannabis-marijuana.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1100" data-original-width="1600" height="307" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCfCWgsacrWwGTO6XwbmHvM1FhPP0Ih6KMYXEr_jQwMMOxzepwxzWuscXlKt7vgIk6iNwQWW0XhM38FxvB5BS1xdoBkN6SqG-gBOR00vFrK4SRDMuYZpZGckMytZ1g8ITs2JtZPc41qzeDTndMAHOIIYzw9hd2wOx0R8qUUBcQXORiB1kath6rc9DT/w446-h307/costa-rica-cannabis-marijuana.png" width="446" /></a></div><br /><p></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke: 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Bill No. 22,964 is pending in congress to amend the recently approved law on cannabis for medicinal and therapeutic use and hemp for food and industrial use. The reform is motivated by the partial veto of the executive power that modified article 5 of bill No. 21,388.</span></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke: 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Article 5, which was initially approved, interpreted hemp cultivation as comparable to other traditional crops, considering that it lacks psychoactive effects such as those of cannabis. Therefore, Bill No. 21,388 did not require special licenses for the cultivation of hemp, remaining subject to the licenses and permits required for any productive agricultural or agro-industrial activity.</span></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke: 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;">In exercising the veto, the executive power raised health and safety concerns regarding the free cultivation of hemp. Therefore, said article was modified to include the requirement of licenses for the cultivation, production, and commercialization of the hemp plant. The proposed reform seeks to modify article 5 again to eliminate the requirement of licenses for this type of cultivation. The rationale for the proposed reform is that the modification caused by the veto created inconsistencies in the law and a regulatory vacuum. In this regard, the law requires licenses, but does not regulate them in any way, unlike the licenses for medicinal and therapeutic cannabis, which are included in the law.</span></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke: 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke: 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: justify;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqMmUtRazO97M0ocQChVfW5x7--CussiNL0s9s08R6Lkeg3yxtTSmAGFvYNzD8DS27uOB-S8rDdbCOrKKnznXf8xyWkn91xYsO2BFXCUQoz79I_1MnnchOlXYA7fb73exNpX_Gji8vckw7ouNU0iYWcBU9DWklyq41N8BQ9xv70ZmNSU1zOr6dnJqC/s1088/Arias.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="723" data-original-width="1088" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqMmUtRazO97M0ocQChVfW5x7--CussiNL0s9s08R6Lkeg3yxtTSmAGFvYNzD8DS27uOB-S8rDdbCOrKKnznXf8xyWkn91xYsO2BFXCUQoz79I_1MnnchOlXYA7fb73exNpX_Gji8vckw7ouNU0iYWcBU9DWklyq41N8BQ9xv70ZmNSU1zOr6dnJqC/s320/Arias.PNG" width="320" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span><p></p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2750593565692173320.post-2781131714649821562022-04-24T07:21:00.003-07:002022-04-24T07:21:19.646-07:00🍽️ NOVEDAD EDITORIAL: DIETAS: Una Inmersión Rápida de Abel MARINÉ FONT (Autor)<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-mIBcIb5OACKK5FwK8TjYX93Fh1p9ITXFFvTgl44LaVUAWolW5DdCCBb-aTY-hUc1-WgPIdFoy_VzxjC6F4Ojm5TXA4dc6Xx_7VpKUfkqDlJy7xfSORMDHmJJVtdgLv0uNeEHAHWLuToiM6vJP3FI3wlkHKs59pod9o1Th4qQbSn30308VEBvo9h4/s560/die2.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="560" data-original-width="369" height="792" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-mIBcIb5OACKK5FwK8TjYX93Fh1p9ITXFFvTgl44LaVUAWolW5DdCCBb-aTY-hUc1-WgPIdFoy_VzxjC6F4Ojm5TXA4dc6Xx_7VpKUfkqDlJy7xfSORMDHmJJVtdgLv0uNeEHAHWLuToiM6vJP3FI3wlkHKs59pod9o1Th4qQbSn30308VEBvo9h4/w522-h792/die2.PNG" width="522" /></a></div><p></p><div class="x_ydp7948eaf9yiv2770682370elementToProof" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; color: rgb(15, 17, 17) !important; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;">En nuestra sociedad actual en la que muchos, no todos, pueden decidir qué, cuándo y cuánto comen, la demanda de información sobre alimentos y dietas es creciente, y no siempre está guiada por la racionalidad y criterios científicos, sino por percepciones emocionales, influidas por modas y mitos en torno a la alimentación. Es evidente que los resultados de la investigación científica, y más en temas como los alimentarios, que tienen impacto social e interés para la salud de la población, no se pueden quedar en los estrictos límites de los expertos y sus publicaciones especializadas. El objetivo de este libro es contribuir a la difusión al público en general de los hechos y criterios que deben regir la elección y formas de consumo de lo que comemos. Todo ello presentado de manera clara, rigurosa, sin simplificaciones y con los debidos matices. El contenido incluye las bases científicas de una alimentación correcta, la influencia de los tratamientos tecnológicos y culinarios en la composición y el valor nutritivo de los alimentos, la dieta mediterránea como un modelo conveniente de alimentación de proximidad, la alimentación a seguir según la edad y en situaciones o ámbitos determinados, las dietas adecuadas en diversas patologías, las alimentaciones no convencionales o alternativas, y los nuevos alimentos o dietas.</span></span><br aria-hidden="true" /></div><div class="x_ydp7948eaf9yiv2770682370elementToProof" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; color: rgb(15, 17, 17) !important; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><div class="x_ydp7948eaf9yiv2770682370elementToProof" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; color: rgb(190, 91, 23) !important; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b>Información:</b></span><span style="border: 0px; color: rgb(15, 17, 17) !important; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></div><div class="x_ydp7948eaf9yiv2770682370elementToProof" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; color: rgb(15, 17, 17) !important; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a data-auth="NotApplicable" data-linkindex="0" href="https://www.tibidaboediciones.com/productdisplay/dietas" id="x_ydp7948eaf9yiv2770682370LPlnkOWALinkPreview" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">https://www.tibidaboediciones.com/productdisplay/dietas</a></span></div></div><p><br /> </p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2750593565692173320.post-20699122015238757752022-04-19T16:09:00.008-07:002022-04-19T16:19:55.888-07:00Agri-food: Unfair Commercial Practices Act curbs purchasing power; more opportunities for sustainability agreements<p style="text-align: center;"> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbC0VhRqLj0-14BfJWxnVvSONTJBKnZTHqpIC7LoZdSdxPXtQhF3qJHUU7qlI8OqjQ7aWgaWzRaSJVL8WxcvdFpABPzzYPMr7U-AqI7joqDdQegyu55MvaY247iAAAlviFLJ59kBIVtyxNdH_LilFA6an8V2-nEVYzLzd5vYQFZmB08WBvY-PIpeVG/s408/ACM2.PNG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="208" data-original-width="408" height="258" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbC0VhRqLj0-14BfJWxnVvSONTJBKnZTHqpIC7LoZdSdxPXtQhF3qJHUU7qlI8OqjQ7aWgaWzRaSJVL8WxcvdFpABPzzYPMr7U-AqI7joqDdQegyu55MvaY247iAAAlviFLJ59kBIVtyxNdH_LilFA6an8V2-nEVYzLzd5vYQFZmB08WBvY-PIpeVG/w507-h258/ACM2.PNG" width="507" /></a></div><br /><p></p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: justify;">Competition law and the agri-food sector do not always go together well. The Authority for Consumers & Markets [ACM (NL)] has fined various companies in the agri-food sector in the past, e.g. in the <a href="https://www.acm.nl/nl/publicaties/publicatie/10655/Boete-prijskartel-Paprika-UWG-Rainbow-Florpartners-en-ZON" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; color: #c12026; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">sweet pepper</a>, <a href="https://www.acm.nl/en/publications/publication/11141/NMa-imposes-fines-on-producers-of-onion-sets-for-cartel-activities" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; color: #c12026; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">onion sets</a> and <a href="https://www.acm.nl/nl/publicaties/publicatie/10535/Boete-kartel-Zilveruien" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; color: #c12026; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">onion sectors</a>, for violating the <a href="https://maxius.nl/mededingingswet/artikel6" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; color: #c12026; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">cartel prohibition</a>. Sustainability initiatives such as <a href="https://www.acm.nl/en/publications/publication/13761/Industry-wide-arrangements-for-the-so-called-Chicken-of-Tomorrow-restrict-competition" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; color: #c12026; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank"><i style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">Kip van Morgen</i></a> also failed when they ran into a negative ACM ruling based on the cartel prohibition. ACM has paid no specific attention in recent decades to the excessive purchasing power of retailers. But the relationship between competition law and the agri-food sector is changing rapidly. Developments such as <a href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A22016A1019%2801%29" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; color: #c12026; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">Paris Agreement</a>, the <a href="https://www.rechtspraak.nl/Bekende-rechtszaken/klimaatzaak-urgenda" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; color: #c12026; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">Urgenda rulings</a> and the <a href="https://www.rijksoverheid.nl/ministeries/ministerie-van-buitenlandse-zaken/het-werk-van-bz-in-de-praktijk/weblogs/2021/5-vragen-over-het-klimaatakkoord-in-glasgow" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; color: #c12026; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">Glasgow Climate Pact</a> necessitate (sector-wide) cooperation in the food supply chain in order to fast-track certain climate and sustainability objectives. Will competition law go with the flow? The (excessive) purchasing power of retailers in this sector is also increasingly the focus of attention. What effect will the new legislation, such as the <a href="https://zoek.officielebekendmakingen.nl/stb-2021-178.html" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; color: #c12026; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank"><i style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">Wet oneerlijke handelspraktijken landbouw- en voedselvoorzieningsketen</i></a> (Unfair Commercial Practices in the Agricultural and Food Supply Chain Act – the “<b style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">UCP Act</b>”), have in this regard? The answers to these questions, the trends in competition law in the agri-food sector, and the assessment of sustainability initiatives are addressed below.</p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: justify;"><b style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">The UCP Act: will ACM take enforcement action?</b></p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: justify;">The UCP Act entered into force on 1 November 2021. The UPC Act aims to strengthen the position of farmers, market gardeners and fishermen in relation to larger buyers, such as purchasing groups. ACM is in charge of <a href="https://www.acm.nl/en/publications/food-suppliers-can-file-reports-about-unfair-commercial-practices-acm" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; color: #c12026; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">enforcing</a> the UCP Act. If buyers fail to comply with the UCP Act, food suppliers may file an (anonymous) <a href="https://www.acm.nl/nl/onderwerpen/concurrentie-en-marktwerking/concurrentie-en-afspraken-tussen-bedrijven/concurrentie-de-landbouw-en-voedselketen/oneerlijke-handelspraktijken-de-landbouw" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; color: #c12026; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">report</a> with ACM. ACM may impose an order subject to a penalty or a fine on a buyer (such as a retailer) that is guilty of violating the UCP Act.</p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: justify;">The UCP Act contains two lists of unfair commercial practices (UCPs). The black list is a list of UCPs that are considered unlawful by definition. The UCPs on the grey list are conditionally unlawful. In other words, such practices are permitted only if they have been clearly and unambiguously agreed in advance in writing between the supplier in question and the buyer. More information can be found in this <a href="https://www.maverick-law.com/files/PDF/NtER_1382-4120_2021_027_009_006_original.pdf" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; color: #c12026; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">article</a> and this <a href="https://www.maverick-law.com/en/blogs/unfair-commercial-practices-in-the-agricultural-and-food-supply-chain-act-gives-acm-new-powers.html" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; color: #c12026; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">blog</a>. Since 1 November 2021, the UCP Act applies to all new agreements between suppliers and buyers that fall within the scope of the UCP Act. All agreements entered into <i style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">before</i> 1 November 2021 must be brought in line with the UCP Act <i style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">by 15 April 2022 at the latest</i>. Market parties therefore still have some time to amend their existing contracts where necessary. ACM is informing market parties about the UCP Act and its enforcement. The question whether the Act will be a success greatly depends on ACM’s approach. See in this regard: <a href="https://www.maverick-law.com/files/PDF/NtER_1382-4120_2021_027_009_006_original.pdf" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; color: #c12026; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">Will ACM use the Unfair Commercial Practices in the Agricultural and Food Supply Act to tackle the purchasing power of retailers?</a></p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: justify;">Where enforcement of the UCP Act comes down to sector expertise, ACM has not been idle in recent years. In 2017, ACM was instructed in the <a href="https://www.rijksoverheid.nl/documenten/publicaties/2017/10/10/regeerakkoord-2017-vertrouwen-in-de-toekomst" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; color: #c12026; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">Coalition Agreement</a> to investigate and, where necessary, tackle unfair commercial practices and distorted market power in the food supply chain. ACM has therefore been conducting a survey for over two years now in the form of the Agro-Nutri Monitors. ACM published its (second) <a href="https://edepot.wur.nl/549531" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; color: #c12026; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">Agro-Nutri Monitor 2021</a> in November. More information can be found in this <a href="https://www.maverick-law.com/en/blogs/unfair-commercial-practices-in-the-agricultural-and-food-supply-chain-act-gives-acm-new-powers.html" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; color: #c12026; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">blog</a>. We previously also <a href="https://www.maverick-law.com/en/blogs/will-acm-target-the-purchasing-power-of-retailers-and-sustainability-claims-in-the-agri-food-sector-.html" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; color: #c12026; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">wrote</a> about the <a href="https://edepot.wur.nl/528928" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; color: #c12026; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">Agro-Nutri Monitor 2020</a>. ACM <a href="https://www.acm.nl/en/publications/acm-consumers-willingness-pay-currently-still-main-obstacle-transition-sustainable-agricultural-sector" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; color: #c12026; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">reported</a> in November 2021 that its survey had shown that the main obstacle to more sustainable agriculture is the higher price of sustainable products. According to ACM, many consumers are unwilling to pay for such products if a cheaper, regularly produced alternative is available.</p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: justify;"><b style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">New UCP Act disputes committee</b></p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: justify;">With the introduction of the UCP Act, a new <a href="https://www.degeschillencommissie.nl/oneerlijke-handelspraktijken-landbouw-en-voedselvoorzieningsketen/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; color: #c12026; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">disputes committee</a> is being set up in the Netherlands. The committee will be in charge of resolving disputes between suppliers and customers relating to the UCP Act. For the supplier, the disputes committee should serve as a low-threshold alternative to civil proceedings or the filing of a complaint with ACM. The question is whether the disputes committee will have the desired effect. During a <a href="https://www.fnli.nl/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/Stappenplan-aanmelding-Supply-Chain-Initiative.pdf" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; color: #c12026; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">pilot</a> within the framework of the <a href="file://fs252/TS252-1$/Users/mav.paralegal/Documents/Werkmap%20Franca/blg-720460%20(11).pdf" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; color: #c12026; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">Fair Practice Code</a>, not a single complaint was received from a supplier. The possibility for suppliers to complain anonymously, promised in the <a href="https://www.internetconsultatie.nl/geschillencommissie" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; color: #c12026; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">draft regulations</a> for the <a href="https://www.degeschillencommissie.nl/oneerlijke-handelspraktijken-landbouw-en-voedselvoorzieningsketen/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; color: #c12026; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">disputes committee</a>, is inadequate according to <a href="https://www.internetconsultatie.nl/geschillencommissie/reactie/4b95489c-4708-4724-bf38-a30f8e255a78" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; color: #c12026; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">suppliers</a>: a supplier can submit an anonymous complaint only via an authorised representative, and the supplier must first file a complaint with the buyer itself. The legislature will have to clarify this issue in the final regulations.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhg3c6T53piEztOxdXjoJlBlsXeXVuQ86W1dy9rs0FiMhosAsC0YpFTKG0xELLnWw1afU5fhtcxXwwerG-iBV5lIHQVBgypTZChVpfC_ImMLs_5jwYfiBQ8SYxZdiou9u0WEmhrSQCxMpXqbz71f0cBRi_porYaNo-WoQaTl0bqdeSg3HJ4BjL1o2R0/s381/ACM1.PNG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="300" data-original-width="381" height="252" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhg3c6T53piEztOxdXjoJlBlsXeXVuQ86W1dy9rs0FiMhosAsC0YpFTKG0xELLnWw1afU5fhtcxXwwerG-iBV5lIHQVBgypTZChVpfC_ImMLs_5jwYfiBQ8SYxZdiou9u0WEmhrSQCxMpXqbz71f0cBRi_porYaNo-WoQaTl0bqdeSg3HJ4BjL1o2R0/s320/ACM1.PNG" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: justify;"><b style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">More scope for sector-wide sustainability initiatives</b></p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: justify;">It has been debated for years that competition law is too often a Waterloo for sustainability initiatives: see <a href="https://www.maverick-law.com/nl/blogs/kip-ook-juridisch-een-veelzijdig-stukje-vlees.html" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; color: #c12026; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">here</a>, <a href="https://www.pluimveeweb.nl/artikel/155701-kritiek-op-acm-rapport-kip-van-morgen/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; color: #c12026; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">here</a>, <a href="https://www.maverick-law.com/en/blogs/sustainability-agreements-competition-law-and-the-cartel-prohibition-how-to-proceed-.html" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; color: #c12026; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">here</a> and <a href="https://www.acm.nl/en/publications/publication/13077/Vision-document-on-Competition-and-Sustainability" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; color: #c12026; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">here</a>. Market-wide agreements are usually highly desirable or even essential in order to stimulate sustainability. In practice, sustainability initiatives often appear or prove to be difficult to fit into the competition-law framework. Sustainability initiatives that the ACM (or the NMa) has assessed against the cartel prohibition in the past are a mixed bag. ACM blocked most agreements on limiting catches and making <a href="https://www.acm.nl/sites/default/files/old_publication/bijlagen/7064_Informele_zienswijze_Managementplan_MSC_Garnalenvisserij_def.pdf" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; color: #c12026; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">shrimp fishing</a> more sustainable. The <a href="https://www.acm.nl/sites/default/files/old_publication/publicaties/13789_analysis-chicken-of-tomorrow-acm-2015-01-26.pdf.pdf" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; color: #c12026; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank"><i style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">Kip van Morgen</i></a> initiative referred to above, also failed ACM’s test. That did not apply to an agreement to reduce the use of antibiotics in livestock farming (<a href="https://www.acm.nl/sites/default/files/old_publication/publicaties/11245_de-beoordeling-van-mededingingsbeperkingen-als-gevolg-van-duurzaamheidinitiatieven.pdf" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; color: #c12026; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">the Den Bosch Agreement</a>) and sector-wide agreements to replace the castration of piglets without anaesthesia with <a href="https://www.acm.nl/en/publications/publication/6223/NMa-no-objections-against-agreements-on-the-castration-of-boars-with-the-use-of-anesthesia" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; color: #c12026; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">anaesthetised castration</a>.</p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: justify;">The question whether sustainability initiatives are consistent with the cartel prohibition set out in <a href="https://maxius.nl/mededingingswet/artikel6" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; color: #c12026; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">Article 6</a> of the <i style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">Mededingingswet</i> (Dutch Competition Act) and <a href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX%3A12008E101%3AEN%3AHTML" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; color: #c12026; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">Article 101 TFEU</a> is usually answered on the basis of the exception ground in <a href="https://maxius.nl/mededingingswet/artikel6/lid3" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; color: #c12026; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">Article 6(3)</a> of the Dutch Competition Act or <a href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX%3A12008E101%3AEN%3AHTML" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; color: #c12026; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">Article 101(3)</a> TFEU. That exception ground is also referred to as the efficiency defence. In recent years, it has become clear that ACM <a href="https://www.dirkzwager.nl/media/21253/dierenwelzijn-in-nederland.pdf" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; color: #c12026; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">strictly</a> assesses the efficiency defence in sustainability initiatives. That was the case with <a href="https://www.acm.nl/sites/default/files/old_publication/bijlagen/7064_Informele_zienswijze_Managementplan_MSC_Garnalenvisserij_def.pdf" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; color: #c12026; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">shrimp fishery</a>, but also with <a href="https://www.acm.nl/sites/default/files/old_publication/publicaties/13789_analysis-chicken-of-tomorrow-acm-2015-01-26.pdf.pdf" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; color: #c12026; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank"><i style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">Kip van Morgen</i></a>. In sum, ACM accepts the efficiency defence only if the welfare of consumers is demonstrably increased. One of the reasons for ACM’s critical approach is probably its <a href="https://www.acm.nl/en/publications/acm-publishes-consultation-its-draft-guidelines-regarding-sustainability-claims" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; color: #c12026; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">desire</a> to prevent what is known as the <a href="https://milieudefensie.nl/actueel/wat-is-greenwashing" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; color: #c12026; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">greenwashing</a> of cartel agreements.</p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: justify;">At the same time, there is a risk of legitimate cooperation to achieve sustainability goals not getting off the ground either, or less quickly, because competition law is considered too great an obstacle. There has been a remarkable development in this regard. In many cases it is now easier to quickly demonstrate that sustainability initiatives in the agri-food sector are consistent with the cartel pro<span style="background-color: transparent; text-align: left;">hibition. The application of competition law to the agri-food sector is regulated in </span><a href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32013R1308&from=es" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #c12026; text-align: left; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">Regulation 1308/2013</a><span style="background-color: transparent; text-align: left;"> (the “</span><b style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: left;">CMO Regulation</b><span style="background-color: transparent; text-align: left;">”). The CMO Regulation also regulates practices that are excluded from the application of the cartel prohibition. Since December 2021, the statutory framework for the assessment of sustainability initiatives in the agri-food sector has changed at the European level. The exceptions to the cartel prohibition in the CMO Regulation have been expanded. Article 210a was added to the CMO Regulation on the basis of </span><a href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32021R2117&from=NL" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #c12026; text-align: left; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">Regulation 2021/2117</a><span style="background-color: transparent; text-align: left;">. That article provides:</span></p><p></p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: justify;"><i style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;"><u style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">Vertical and horizontal initiatives for sustainability</u></i></p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: justify;"><i style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">Article 101(1) TFEU shall not apply to agreements, decisions and concerted practices of producers of agricultural products that relate to the production of or trade in agricultural products and that aim to apply a sustainability standard higher than mandated by Union or national law, provided that those agreements, decisions and concerted practices only impose restrictions of competition that are indispensable to the attainment of that standard.</i></p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: justify;">Under <a href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32021R2117&from=NL" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; color: #c12026; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">Article 210a of the CMO Regulation</a>, sustainability initiatives are now exempt from the cartel prohibition in all EU Member States, subject to certain conditions. This applies to both horizontal initiatives and agreements (between competitors) and vertical initiatives and agreements (between different links in the chain). Initiatives that are eligible for the exception must be aimed at:</p><ul style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 0px;"><li style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify;"><b style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">Environmental objectives</b>, including climate change mitigation and adaptation, the sustainable use and protection of landscapes, water and soil, the transition to a circular economy, including the reduction of food waste, pollution prevention and control, and the protection and restoration of biodiversity and ecosystems;</li><li style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify;"><b style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">The production of agricultural products</b> in ways that reduce the use of pesticides and manage risks resulting from such use, or that reduce the danger of antimicrobial resistance in agricultural production; and</li><li style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify;"><b style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">Animal health and animal welfare</b>.</li></ul><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: justify;">Under Article 210a of the CMO Regulation, it is no longer necessary to first put forward an efficiency defence in order to declare certain sustainability initiatives consistent with the cartel prohibition: because certain cases are exempted from the cartel prohibition under Article 210a of the CMO Regulation, benchmarking against the criteria of Article 6(3) of the Dutch Competition Act/Article 101(3) TFEU (the efficiency defence) is no longer necessary in those cases. This will save the parties involved a great deal of time and money. The Commission will publish guidelines explaining the conditions of Article 210a of the CMO Regulation by 8 December 2023. The Commission has <a href="https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/IP_22_1352" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; color: #c12026; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">invited</a> market participants in the agri-food sector to share their experiences with the Commission. Stakeholders have until 23 May 2022 to do so.</p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: justify;"><b style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">Examples from Germany</b></p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: justify;">In Germany, a number of sustainability initiatives were recently assessed under the cartel prohibition. The <a href="https://www.bundeskartellamt.de/EN/Home/home_node.html" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; color: #c12026; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">German Competition Authority</a> (“<b style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">Bka</b>”), for instance, recently approved two sustainability initiatives, although it did consider another initiative to be in violation of the cartel prohibition.</p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: justify;"><i style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">Bananas and minimum wages</i></p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: justify;">On 18 January 2022, the Bka <a href="https://www.bundeskartellamt.de/SharedDocs/Meldung/EN/Pressemitteilungen/2022/18_01_2022_Nachhaltigkeit.html;jsessionid=91E98E5A657890EEF1AAB2C7305951BC.2_cid381?nn=3591568" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; color: #c12026; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">ruled</a> that there were no competition law objections to an initiative in which German retailers set common standards for wages in the banana sector. According to the Bka, it is important in this regard that (i) no sensitive competitive information is exchanged and (ii) no compulsory minimum prices or are introduced.</p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: justify;"><i style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">Animal welfare</i></p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: justify;">That same day the Bka <a href="https://www.bundeskartellamt.de/SharedDocs/Meldung/EN/Pressemitteilungen/2022/18_01_2022_Nachhaltigkeit.html;jsessionid=91E98E5A657890EEF1AAB2C7305951BC.2_cid381?nn=3591568" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; color: #c12026; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">decided</a> that the <a href="https://initiative-tierwohl.de/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; color: #c12026; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">Tierwohl</a> initiative, in which four large German supermarkets agreed to introduce an animal welfare supplement for pigs and poultry, was not in violation of the cartel prohibition. The supplement is linked to criteria relating to the conditions in which the animals are kept by the Tierwohl participants. It serves as a reward for pig and poultry farmers that improve these conditions. Although the supplement is factored into the price that consumers pay for the meat, the Bka has so far <a href="https://www.bundeskartellamt.de/SharedDocs/Meldung/EN/Pressemitteilungen/2017/28_09_2017_Tierwohl.html;jsessionid=B99AE3C7735CD76B04EA16C293830CB2.2_cid371?nn=3591568" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; color: #c12026; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">tolerated</a> the initiative, in light of the pioneering nature of the initiative. The Bka did, however, state in its <a href="https://www.bundeskartellamt.de/SharedDocs/Meldung/EN/Pressemitteilungen/2022/18_01_2022_Nachhaltigkeit.html;jsessionid=91E98E5A657890EEF1AAB2C7305951BC.2_cid381?nn=3591568" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; color: #c12026; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">decision</a> that more room must be given to competitors in the future, because animal welfare is increasingly a factor that consumers take into account.</p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: justify;"><i style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">Dairy price supplements</i></p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: justify;">One week later it became apparent that not all price supplements presented as sustainability initiatives are consistent with the cartel prohibition. In late January, the Bka <a href="https://www.bundeskartellamt.de/SharedDocs/Meldung/EN/Pressemitteilungen/2022/25_01_2022_Agrardialog.html" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; color: #c12026; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">ruled</a> that a system of price supplements for dairy products was in breach of the cartel prohibition. The price supplements served to compensate for what <a href="https://milchindustrie.de/milkipedia/agrardialog/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; color: #c12026; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">Agrardialog Milch</a> considered the unprofitable price of raw milk. The supplement was to become part of a new financial model aimed at increasing and stabilising the price of raw milk across the sector. According to the Bka, these price supplements are not permissible at present, because sustainability standards do not play a role in this new financial model. Moreover, the model allegedly does not provide for <i style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">“specific criteria for the production of raw milk, taking sustainability aspects into account”. </i>This is where the Tierwohl initiative, which does contain specific sustainability criteria, differs from Agrardialog Milch’s raw milk price supplement.</p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: justify;">Remarkably, the Bka has not (yet) assessed the above three initiatives directly against Article 210a of the CMO Regulation. This appears to be a missed opportunity, since that article had already entered into force by the time the Bka took its decisions. In its Tierwohl decision, the Bka did, however, announce that it would <a href="https://www.bundeskartellamt.de/SharedDocs/Entscheidung/DE/Fallberichte/Kartellverbot/2022/B2-72-14.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=3" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; color: #c12026; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">assess the initiative</a> against Article 210a of the CMO Regulation in future.</p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: justify;"><b style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">Will competition authorities provide guidance?</b></p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: justify;">We can imagine that competition authorities (including ACM) will be willing and able in future to provide guidance to companies on sustainability initiatives and the application of Article 210a of the CMO Regulation; all the more so because they too are aware that it will most likely be months, if not more than a year, before the Commission publishes its guidance on Regulation 2021/2117, whereas the climate crisis is definitely a hot topic. And ACM cannot really refuse such requests for guidance: it has repeatedly <a href="https://www.acm.nl/nl/publicaties/speech-duurzaamheid-en-samenwerking-martijn-snoep-gcr-connect-28-april-2021" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; color: #c12026; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">stated</a> that it encourages sustainability initiatives and wishes to support companies in that respect. In its draft <a href="https://www.acm.nl/sites/default/files/documents/2020-07/sustainability-agreements%5B1%5D.pdf" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; color: #c12026; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">Sustainability Initiatives Guidelines</a>, ACM noted that it <i style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">“supports companies in their assessment of sustainability agreements”. </i>Be that as it may, Article 210a of the CMO Regulation creates a new scope to quickly exempt sector-wide sustainability agreements (that apply in all EU Member States) from the cartel prohibition. That is in any event good news for the achievement of climate objectives, among other things.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgCPIjN41aeZg56ZPS9AelN5WIW7VaNUOaT-eGIBgTWlDPuS47sf5F56YkSpWVgRpF9lj3P2GvvnwAgvzQ5FYo4YKCs2Mc57QKkHTn9hcVRgyc8XIHzt8daqRuKKkn7KtOjjTFGLuR3Au7MBLs57suRK2pJ0OUaA8FmL0omWyV6w3vmW-MHInjytqyo/s478/acm3.PNG" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="478" data-original-width="259" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgCPIjN41aeZg56ZPS9AelN5WIW7VaNUOaT-eGIBgTWlDPuS47sf5F56YkSpWVgRpF9lj3P2GvvnwAgvzQ5FYo4YKCs2Mc57QKkHTn9hcVRgyc8XIHzt8daqRuKKkn7KtOjjTFGLuR3Au7MBLs57suRK2pJ0OUaA8FmL0omWyV6w3vmW-MHInjytqyo/s320/acm3.PNG" width="173" /></a></div><br /><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: justify;"><br /></p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 13px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><br /></p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 13px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><br /></p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 13px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><br /></p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 13px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><br /></p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; 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font-size: 13px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><br /></p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 13px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">Follow Maverick Advocaten on <a href="https://twitter.com/MaverickLawyers" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; color: #c12026; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">Twitter</a> and <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/maverick-advocaten-nv" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; color: #c12026; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">LinkedIn</a></p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2750593565692173320.post-41814674320326848042022-04-16T11:01:00.000-07:002022-04-16T11:01:03.014-07:00Pregunta Parlamentaria (UE) de Geert Bourgeois: El Informe titulado "The Benefits of Brexit" <p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiHUkMd716fbT9TcKcnTjuEZ1Fn6iOq32lnHv5t7k_wa1D9rLaDI8DfnHhyucdNaefnUPiZxalXEYGA4W5eCQf8vq96dODT7yoUcjLx5bzivESe6DRMTqPjBy7Y3CZ6j5xLYKupiTIMuGnZHhB_VzXpj-IY0DsiucTqzO9lR5Lx90J3VZde_GNgrPcL/s781/Bene.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="781" data-original-width="579" height="715" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiHUkMd716fbT9TcKcnTjuEZ1Fn6iOq32lnHv5t7k_wa1D9rLaDI8DfnHhyucdNaefnUPiZxalXEYGA4W5eCQf8vq96dODT7yoUcjLx5bzivESe6DRMTqPjBy7Y3CZ6j5xLYKupiTIMuGnZHhB_VzXpj-IY0DsiucTqzO9lR5Lx90J3VZde_GNgrPcL/w530-h715/Bene.PNG" width="530" /></a></div><br /><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">• 15 DE FEBRERO DE 2022 - [P-000659/2022]</span></b><a href="file:///C:/Users/casa1/Documents/Pap%C3%A1/PREGUNTASPARLAMENTARIAS_Aranzadi_baseacumulativa.docx#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[*]</span></b></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></b></span></a><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">El Gobierno del Reino Unido ha publicado un
informe titulado ‘The Benefits of Brexit'. Si bien establece pocas medidas
específicas, anuncia la ambición de convertirse en una superpotencia científica
en los campos de la tecnología cuántica, la IA, los medicamentos, etcétera.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Está planeando lograrlo, por un lado,
alejándose de las normas de la UE (regulación financiera, ensayos clínicos,
subsidios agrícolas, contratación pública, legislación de datos, etcétera) y,
por el otro, tomando la iniciativa en el establecimiento de estándares y
comprometiendo en sectores emergentes no sujetos a regulación, como la edición
del genoma, la IA, etcétera.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">1. ¿Ha analizado la Comisión este informe en
detalle o tiene previsto hacerlo?</span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">2. ¿Qué propuestas constructivas contenidas en
el informe tratará de aplicar la propia Comisión para garantizar la
competitividad de la UE?</span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">3. ¿Advierte la Comisión alguna amenaza para la
competitividad de la UE?</span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">Respuesta de la Presidenta von der Leyen en nombre de la Comisión
Europea</span></b><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";"> (12 de abril de 2022): <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">«1. El Acuerdo de Comercio y Cooperación entre
la UE y el Reino Unido está diseñado para proteger los intereses comunes de
ambas partes y garantizar una competencia leal al incluir disposiciones para
garantizar la igualdad de condiciones, en particular en lo que respecta al
control de subsidios, impuestos, normativas laborales y sociales, así como como
el medio ambiente y el clima.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Para garantizar el respeto de estas
disposiciones, la Comisión, junto con la Delegación de la Unión Europea en el
Reino Unido, supervisa la evolución de la legislación del Reino Unido junto con
los cambios legislativos en el Reino Unido. La Comisión ha analizado
detalladamente el informe al que se refiere Su Señoría. Cabe señalar que
algunas de las áreas cubiertas por el informe, como la inteligencia artificial,
van más allá del ámbito de aplicación del Acuerdo de Comercio y Cooperación.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">2. Si bien las reformas llevadas a cabo por
terceros países pueden servir de inspiración para nuestras políticas, la UE
desarrolla su competitividad siguiendo su propia agenda proactiva, liderando el
camino en la transición energética, asegurando una UE apta para la era digital
y defendiendo un comercio dinámico, abierto y justo, el multilateralismo y un
orden global basado en reglas, entre otras prioridades.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">3. Si bien el Reino Unido es libre de decidir su
política regulatoria, sigue sujeto a sus obligaciones en virtud del Acuerdo de
Comercio y Cooperación y el Acuerdo de Retiro. La Comisión se mantiene alerta
para garantizar que las empresas de la UE no sufran una desventaja competitiva
desleal.».</span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p>El Informe puede consultarse en: </o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;"><span style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: red; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><a href="https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/1054643/benefits-of-brexit.pdf">https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/1054643/benefits-of-brexit.pdf</a></span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="file:///C:/Users/casa1/Documents/Pap%C3%A1/PREGUNTASPARLAMENTARIAS_Aranzadi_baseacumulativa.docx#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[*]</span></b></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></b></span></a><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;"> Traducción no oficial. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Lengua
original: holandés.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</div>
</div><br /><p></p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2750593565692173320.post-75434237922106347112022-04-14T07:17:00.034-07:002022-04-14T07:22:36.460-07:00SCLA 26th GLOBAL FORUM: PRACTICING LAW IN THE FACE OF MILITARY CONFRONTATION – CHALLENGES FOR LAWYERS UNDER SEVERE CIRCUMSTANCES<p style="text-align: center;"> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMMU0Ns8QJbY4nH3XvYg9P16Lrfeg34JrD69dJOW1SsLVKP11R4kHjF6tgE7zs-4rILTbNjlZOSVpWsWX5x35HdejjFe9BoQtK422i6dz122H5eNdszAWs0Dh0JqvSmHLs8a5I99Sv0gBeOwqEWmKYa8jI2vPIE15xmL1DOLucfx9-9f-u7ts_xNdP/s7200/26th1-1.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="7200" data-original-width="5400" height="741" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMMU0Ns8QJbY4nH3XvYg9P16Lrfeg34JrD69dJOW1SsLVKP11R4kHjF6tgE7zs-4rILTbNjlZOSVpWsWX5x35HdejjFe9BoQtK422i6dz122H5eNdszAWs0Dh0JqvSmHLs8a5I99Sv0gBeOwqEWmKYa8jI2vPIE15xmL1DOLucfx9-9f-u7ts_xNdP/w556-h741/26th1-1.png" width="556" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJZC0WCNbWAzPD5rrWhpvbRsaVXOZHXSUhSky5K8QH3VEneaX_FfniH_8J2ui7bme6UOhRPX721dj7P3LT4cMYKstDJwvA_wbCiSyXwnWBrWSFyD93gMJn5ES90LJDVRcARq8iDlwiXvsL9h7rxWMbzKySsdbwD9LulzOqAijZrKD_MKEg-9ysXtxZ/s7200/26th1-2.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="7200" data-original-width="5400" height="735" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJZC0WCNbWAzPD5rrWhpvbRsaVXOZHXSUhSky5K8QH3VEneaX_FfniH_8J2ui7bme6UOhRPX721dj7P3LT4cMYKstDJwvA_wbCiSyXwnWBrWSFyD93gMJn5ES90LJDVRcARq8iDlwiXvsL9h7rxWMbzKySsdbwD9LulzOqAijZrKD_MKEg-9ysXtxZ/w551-h735/26th1-2.png" width="551" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwv97_JZR7D6mi-dKN7guUws6AuZokv2ItLzazceVu9hUVkoh3I0ei-XZoYAlT83hNVZMCqmYE507ajIMsQLQS4f8U-oNsI6a10YSCqdLhSAgGemEDPN5uUgcLLYKl-gez37yvRpjelO-Fml40ZYdvqhIQOzw4kk2DSJ4O1fSgjOOOkoTRVMF3FjaQ/s7200/26th1-3.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="7200" data-original-width="5400" height="697" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwv97_JZR7D6mi-dKN7guUws6AuZokv2ItLzazceVu9hUVkoh3I0ei-XZoYAlT83hNVZMCqmYE507ajIMsQLQS4f8U-oNsI6a10YSCqdLhSAgGemEDPN5uUgcLLYKl-gez37yvRpjelO-Fml40ZYdvqhIQOzw4kk2DSJ4O1fSgjOOOkoTRVMF3FjaQ/w522-h697/26th1-3.png" width="522" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJvjkjXKI-F-NTPQXDX-kEO4fxE-j36wpDYbhY9V2ubCHYseHGq6ygaWBN452fYeiJwE4WEO6YAFVbwhr2KuGb_TmTs4rH2sD4nqvZ3m3N_hS3vm71IaP8V2xttNV8AWVN5skASkTTx6v7genOiNs7lUCKqb1Pclz9Ga5sOPYztYlpVCHdiZ-dbOyV/s5124/26th1-5.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="5124" data-original-width="5052" height="523" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJvjkjXKI-F-NTPQXDX-kEO4fxE-j36wpDYbhY9V2ubCHYseHGq6ygaWBN452fYeiJwE4WEO6YAFVbwhr2KuGb_TmTs4rH2sD4nqvZ3m3N_hS3vm71IaP8V2xttNV8AWVN5skASkTTx6v7genOiNs7lUCKqb1Pclz9Ga5sOPYztYlpVCHdiZ-dbOyV/w517-h523/26th1-5.png" width="517" /></a></div><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="background-color: white; clear: both; color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 13.91px;"><span style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: medium;">Information & Registration:</span></span></b></div><div class="separator" style="background-color: white; clear: both; color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 17.12px;"><br /></span></b></div><div class="separator" style="background-color: white; clear: both; color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; text-align: center;"><h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: "Noto Serif SC", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 300; line-height: 1.4em; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-align: start;"><a href="mailto:forum@sclalaw.cn" style="color: #3778cd; text-decoration-line: none;">forum@sclalaw.cn</a> <a href="mailto:tianze.zhang@scla.world" style="color: #3778cd; text-decoration-line: none;">tianze.zhang@scla.world</a></h3></div><p style="text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><p></p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2750593565692173320.post-41782770866790479742022-04-08T14:59:00.008-07:002022-04-08T16:09:39.687-07:00SCLA 25th GLOBAL FORUM: PRACTICING LAW IN THE FACE OF MILITARY CONFRONTATION – CHALLENGES FOR LAWYERS UNDER SEVERE CIRCUMSTANCES<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiuOPpTL4CENnMUjz7kOSNxDNS9R1xuE27XxkkVPRhIdyFWEjOCHzbM2UssutNLffXEg0JnGcNV2heLemixoEyTJFZ--wGTo5MDOv982BtK1wzU75ToL5cn9FVgAhcPjd11u620qeeszPSxh8MTl6kTQpjQobr1R19LPas0l9_MIqqjujODsa9zf-68/s790/SCLA12.PNG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="790" data-original-width="735" height="596" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiuOPpTL4CENnMUjz7kOSNxDNS9R1xuE27XxkkVPRhIdyFWEjOCHzbM2UssutNLffXEg0JnGcNV2heLemixoEyTJFZ--wGTo5MDOv982BtK1wzU75ToL5cn9FVgAhcPjd11u620qeeszPSxh8MTl6kTQpjQobr1R19LPas0l9_MIqqjujODsa9zf-68/w555-h596/SCLA12.PNG" width="555" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><p></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB">INTRODUCTION’</span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">The military conflict in Ukraine is not only a
humanitarian drama, but also has substantial impact on business. The sanctions
and counteractions result in a virtual stop of trade. Assets are being seized,
prices for raw material have skyrocketed, supply chains are again disrupted.
All these developments are posing a huge challenge for lawyers as well when
advising their international clients, acting as corporate counsel, or
exercising a function in the judiciary or a public authority. What is the
impact of these developments on contracts, what is the effect of sanctions are
only two of many questions we want to discuss to contribute to assist members
of the legal profession to react properly to the new situation.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> </span><b><span lang="EN-US">AGENDA</span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal"><b><u><span lang="EN-US">13:00-13:15 CET<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal"><b><u><span lang="EN-US"> </span></u></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US">MY REFLECTION FROM MALVINAS/FALKLAND SOUTH
ATLANTIC CONFLICT<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal"><b><u><span lang="EN-US">Juan Javier Negri (Argentina)</span></u></b><span lang="EN-US">, Founder of Negri & Pueyrredon
Abogados<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Commentator: <b><u>Luis González Vaqué (Spain)</u></b>,
Former Directorate General for Internal Market and Services, European Commission<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal"><b><u><span lang="EN-US">13:15-13:30 CET<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US">SANCTIONS REGIME AND ARBITRATION CLAIMS<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal"><b><u><span lang="EN-US">Toby Cadman(UK)</span></u></b><b><span lang="EN-US"> , </span></b><span lang="EN-US">Joint Head of Chambers, |Guernica 37 Chambers<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US">Commentator: Oleksandr Aleksyeyenko(Ukraine),
Partner at Nobles<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal"><b><u><span lang="EN-US">13:30-13:55 CET<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US">THE RUSSIAN-UKRAINIAN CONFRONTATION, SANCTIONS
AND THE WORLD TRADE SYSTEM: IS THERE AN INSTITUTIONAL RESPONSE IN A WORLD OF
MULTILATERALISM THAT LACKS PERSPECTIVE<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal"><b><u><span lang="EN-US">Frank Altemöller (Germany)</span></u></b><b><span lang="EN-US">, Research Fellow at the Institute
of Customs and International Trade Law<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US">Commentator: <u>Xiaobing Tang(China)</u>,
Former Senior Counselor of WTO<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US"> </span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal"><b><u><span lang="EN-US">13:55-14:10 CET<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US">THE IMPACT OF SANCTIONS ON AFRICAN TRADE AND
COMMERCE AND CHALLENGES FOR LAWYERS.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal"><b><u><span lang="EN-US">Uche Val Obi (Nigeria)</span></u></b><b><span lang="EN-US">, Managing Partner of Alliance Law
Firm<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US">Commentator: <u>Penghe Yan(China)</u>, Managing
partner of Zhongyin Law Firm<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US"> </span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US">14:10-15:00 CET<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US">ROUNDTABLE DISCUSSION: IS THE WAR A FORCE
MAJEURE EVENT?<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US">Chair: <u>Hermann Knott(Germany),</u> Partner
of KUNZ Law<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">Panelists:
<u>John Leong (Singapore), </u>Independent Arbitrator; <u>Pawel Sikora(Poland),</u>
Partner at KKG Law; <u>Maximilian Han (China)</u>, Partner at Jinmao Law Firm;
Godson Ugochukwu (Nigeria), Managing Partner at Fortress Solicitor; Dima
Alexandrova</span><span face="仿宋" lang="ZH-CN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">Partner at Zafirov
and Alexandrova Law Firm</span></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><br /></span></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><br /></span></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;"><span style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: medium;">Information & Registration:</span></span></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><br /></span></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: "Noto Serif SC", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 300; line-height: 1.4em; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; text-align: start;"><a href="mailto:forum@sclalaw.cn">forum@sclalaw.cn</a><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><a href="mailto:tianze.zhang@scla.world">tianze.zhang@scla.world</a></h3></div><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><br /><p></p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2750593565692173320.post-18864665072983823362022-04-07T10:27:00.035-07:002022-04-07T10:49:03.524-07:00FOOD LAW - China: Talking about the National Food Security Standard <p><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;"> </span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><i><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;">National Food Security Standard (hereinafter referred to as the “National Standard”) is crucial to
anyone who works in the food industry. However, many people are not clear about the classification of
National Standard, which is important to foreign exporters.</span></i></p><p style="text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgq9J4-rWsK1J5CanYTQBPNV3cxth1ju7MeS8jkjOhifL9iQLmnvvUsnzDBRyQLXlTnVmiIzYILIIDPgtQ_YxslpotuP4iIGoSyACi4zqfxJ_waRCX-2GPugWlZ3JplnIAVw61D7-65z2AQQ_josFbGgTD-vCyf-3Jdu3tevMMatYdixFHW-csPGf1C/s687/NHC.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="312" data-original-width="687" height="241" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgq9J4-rWsK1J5CanYTQBPNV3cxth1ju7MeS8jkjOhifL9iQLmnvvUsnzDBRyQLXlTnVmiIzYILIIDPgtQ_YxslpotuP4iIGoSyACi4zqfxJ_waRCX-2GPugWlZ3JplnIAVw61D7-65z2AQQ_josFbGgTD-vCyf-3Jdu3tevMMatYdixFHW-csPGf1C/w533-h241/NHC.PNG" width="533" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;"><br /></span><p></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;">Let’s start with the Food Safety Law, which is the
fundamental law of food safety. According to the Food
Safety Law, Chapter 3 Food Safety Standards, Article 25: </span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><i><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;">Food safety standards shall be standards for mandatory
execution. No mandatory food standards other than food
safety standards may be developed. </span></i></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;">Article 26. Food safety standards shall contain: </span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;">✔ limits of pathogenic microorganisms, pesticide
residues, residues from veterinary medicines, biological
toxins, heavy metals, and other pollutants, and other
substances hazardous to human health in food, food
additives, and food-related products; </span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;">✔ varieties, range of application, and dosages of food
additives; </span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;">✔ nutritional composition requirements for staple and
supplementary food exclusively for infants and other
particular groups of people </span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;">✔ requirements for labels, marks, and instructions
related to health, nutrition, and other food safety
requirements; </span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;">✔ hygienic requirements for the process of food
production or trade; </span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;">✔ quality requirements related to food safety; </span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;">✔ food inspection methods and procedures related to
food safety; and </span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;">✔ others which need to be developed into food safety
standards. </span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;">Obviously, the upper rank law has provided a clear position
and scope for the national standard of food safety, so next
step we will explain in detail the specific classification of
national standards. </span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;"><b>The first category is common criteria</b> </span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;">Common criteria refer to standards that are widely used
and have broad guiding significance as the basis of other
standards within a certain range. </span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;">In another word, all food products, no matter what
category they belong to, shall comply with the common
criteria. </span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;">For example, if there is no corresponding food product
standard for a food product imported from abroad, you can
find the corresponding common criteria according to the
food category of the product and comply with the safety
requirements for the food category in the standard. </span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;">In this way, the national standard problem in food import
can be solved.
There are 13 common criteria as the list below:</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKb4Es9LalWTBO802q4Yz_hR1nIsGl10TxbYUNrkFLXgBrf5QgCZYqk1Xklz-1UVaYo-ypKe4X_qDw15QTJS6yDqi8Ncqt97IeBHyaLm4XFWxrpPJjG6sceMoMk6qlTDRleTYtkrCh9zHR9SWap3bxeBAC2z0USvf-yvq2ZyavoL8MqvR8kOAbSrQM/s797/RGS12.PNG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;"><img border="0" data-original-height="797" data-original-width="468" height="694" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKb4Es9LalWTBO802q4Yz_hR1nIsGl10TxbYUNrkFLXgBrf5QgCZYqk1Xklz-1UVaYo-ypKe4X_qDw15QTJS6yDqi8Ncqt97IeBHyaLm4XFWxrpPJjG6sceMoMk6qlTDRleTYtkrCh9zHR9SWap3bxeBAC2z0USvf-yvq2ZyavoL8MqvR8kOAbSrQM/w408-h694/RGS12.PNG" width="408" /></span></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;">Among the 13 general standards, the following standards
are most commonly used:</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;">✓ General standard for the labelling of prepackaged
foods GB 7718-2011 </span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;">✓ Standard for nutrition labelling of prepackaged
foods GB 28050-2011 </span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;">✓ Standard for use of food additives GB 2760-2014 </span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;">✓ Limits of contaminants in foods GB 2762-2017 </span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;">✓ Limit of pathogen in prepackaged foods GB 29921-2021 </span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;">Due to space reasons, the content of the standard will
not be explained in detail here. Readers can search about
the detailed standard and find the explanation by the
professional practitioners of food regulation in accordance
with specific situation. </span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;">It is hereby noted that clarified that the use of “most” and
other superlatives in this article is to impress the readers
and not the absolute words. </span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;"><b>The second category is standard of food products</b> </span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;">A total of 70 national standards are formulated for major
food categories (important to people's livelihood), such
as various dairy products, rice and flour products, meat
products, candy products, seasoning products, etc. </span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;"><b>The third category is special dietary food standards</b>,
which is used for specific consumer groups such as infant
formula and other special food. Relevant national standards
shall be abided by. There are 10 standards in total:</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsUqguwX2vQIlf1-Md3PcwNwZa6edhY1zIM3Kez4IoQYbzEWw9iT6Wzq9PWVjV6uA_Mpy7DvtnhyDMxCKXdDu66HBfZtH0eHDdELCIc-K37MJYtK8ERYd4KymRqP5mWbEBDzZN4pU-mHKm4qfOKpBZVhi6XTyXrGfpsm6DSN6hqHgX5Y_1rh8Dt52G/s682/RGS34.PNG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;"><img border="0" data-original-height="682" data-original-width="465" height="576" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsUqguwX2vQIlf1-Md3PcwNwZa6edhY1zIM3Kez4IoQYbzEWw9iT6Wzq9PWVjV6uA_Mpy7DvtnhyDMxCKXdDu66HBfZtH0eHDdELCIc-K37MJYtK8ERYd4KymRqP5mWbEBDzZN4pU-mHKm4qfOKpBZVhi6XTyXrGfpsm6DSN6hqHgX5Y_1rh8Dt52G/w392-h576/RGS34.PNG" width="392" /></span></a></div><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;"><br /></span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;">The fourth category is quality specifications and
relevant standards of food additives </span></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;">This category has the most national standards, 646 in total.
All the food additives shall abide by this kind of standard,
which will not be listed here due to space reasons. </span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;">The fifth category is quality specification and standard
of food nutrition fortifier</span></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;">
There are 53 standards in total. All the food nutrition
fortifier shall abide by this kind of standard, which will not
be listed here due to space reasons. </span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;"><b>The sixth category is food related product standards</b> </span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;">There are 15 standards in total. Food related products
refer to food packaging materials, containers, detergents,
disinfectants, etc. and there are 3 important standards: </span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;"><span style="color: red;">➤</span> detergent GB 14930.1-2015 </span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;"><span style="color: red;">➤</span> disinfectants GB 14930.2-2012 </span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;"><span style="color: red;">➤</span> General safety requirements on food contact
materials and articles GB 4806.1-2016 </span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;"><b>The seventh category is production and operation
specifications and standards</b> </span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;">There are 34 standards in total, which shall be abided by
during the production and operation of the food. There are
two important standards:</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;"><span style="color: red;">➤</span> General hygienic standard for food production
GB 14881-2013 </span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;"><span style="color: red;">➤</span> Code of hygienic practice in food business process
GB 31621-2014 </span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;">The remaining standards are various test methods,
including 234 physical and chemical test methods,
32 microbiological test methods, 29 toxicological test
methods and procedures, 120 pesticide residue test
methods and 74 veterinary drug residue test methods.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;">Conclusion </span></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;">The above analysis is based on the announcement of
the Food Safety Standards Monitoring and Evaluation
Department of National Health Commission in February
2022, which is the latest official announcement.
It is hoped that the popularization of science will help
nonprofessionals of food regulation to have a preliminary
understanding of national standards of food safety. </span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><b><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgat_bhS0LQkvuILNvKrp2gxgFYMhnMLApKguf9SO6R-_SBkYPbv63ogo3CrIpJYrjWew5JoAmQBEPm0PGPwsi55aQxqrIM2lp_xRJwazdBfgSKjCfe9scySmd6jN1bsozjvteFg2aGD6GDDNbezaEMcpSohOxWM3Ai3Hk8beIUB_-09sqZw7v9xGuK/s253/GOSSIP.PNG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="253" data-original-width="182" height="253" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgat_bhS0LQkvuILNvKrp2gxgFYMhnMLApKguf9SO6R-_SBkYPbv63ogo3CrIpJYrjWew5JoAmQBEPm0PGPwsi55aQxqrIM2lp_xRJwazdBfgSKjCfe9scySmd6jN1bsozjvteFg2aGD6GDDNbezaEMcpSohOxWM3Ai3Hk8beIUB_-09sqZw7v9xGuK/s1600/GOSSIP.PNG" width="182" /></a>L<b style="text-align: justify;">eon Zheng </b></span></div></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;"> HFG Law&Intellectual Property</span></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><b><br /></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><div class="field-label" style="background-color: white; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(206, 15, 52); box-sizing: border-box; color: #ce0f34; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 10px; padding-bottom: 10px; text-align: start; text-transform: uppercase;">E-MAIL </div><div class="field-items" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 30px; text-align: start;"><div class="field-item even" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><a href="mailto:lzheng@hfgip.com" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #428bca; text-decoration-line: none;">lzheng@hfgip.com</a></div></div></div><br /><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"> </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> </div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2750593565692173320.post-37675288266351436872022-04-01T16:35:00.003-07:002022-04-01T16:40:06.073-07:00Parlamento Europeo: CONDICIONES ASOCIADAS A LA INICIATIVA ‘WIFI4EU’ PARA PEQUEÑOS MUNICIPIOS <p> </p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">• 17 DE FEBRERO DE 2022 - Pregunta del diputado PASCAL ARIMONT – [E-000683/2022]</span></b><a href="file:///C:/Users/casa1/Documents/Pap%C3%A1/PREGUNTASPARLAMENTARIAS_Aranzadi_baseacumulativa.docx#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 16pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[1]</span></b></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></b></span></a><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";"><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNChVLrgUY9MWkkk8DMHeBnEWBRZY05io9rfDsE3whv8gNZC5VmVaDB7KGTr-osgoCmjVCvud2PhhKEs_7NI8WY3X7YRfcxvRMg-lCRvJ5xWE8rrQSMV5x6ZdRtUH6zhT56DG7OU3Zx_2ttgnIys5XG8OjG7OCgorI00zJTlbrGJLRf0R_Hg2wko-U/s782/wifies.PNG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="599" data-original-width="782" height="321" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNChVLrgUY9MWkkk8DMHeBnEWBRZY05io9rfDsE3whv8gNZC5VmVaDB7KGTr-osgoCmjVCvud2PhhKEs_7NI8WY3X7YRfcxvRMg-lCRvJ5xWE8rrQSMV5x6ZdRtUH6zhT56DG7OU3Zx_2ttgnIys5XG8OjG7OCgorI00zJTlbrGJLRf0R_Hg2wko-U/w419-h321/wifies.PNG" width="419" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;">En el marco de la iniciativa WIFI4EU, la
Comisión proporciona a los municipios ganadores un bono de 15.000 € que, sin
embargo, viene con ciertas condiciones.</span><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;">Los comentarios de mi circunscripción dejan
claro que a los municipios más pequeños les resulta difícil utilizar este bono,
ya que los costes totales de instalación y funcionamiento de los puntos de
acceso Wi-Fi no son sostenibles a largo plazo.</span><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;">Otros municipios afirman lo mismo: la
instalación y el mantenimiento son tan costosos que los costes superan los
beneficios. Por ejemplo, la mejor cotización para la instalación y el
mantenimiento durante tres años de la cantidad requerida de puntos de acceso
Wi-Fi (debe haber una proporción determinada de puntos de acceso interiores y
exteriores) fue de alrededor de 92.000 €, IVA incluido.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;">1. ¿Ha recibido la Comisión comentarios
similares sobre la iniciativa WIFI4EU de otros municipios? </span><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;">2. ¿Piensa la Comisión relajar las condiciones
para que los municipios, especialmente los más pequeños, a los que se les ha
concedido un bono puedan seguir realizando sus proyectos sin tener que incurrir
en tales gastos?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">Respuesta del Sr. Breton en nombre de la Comisión Europea</span></b><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";"> (30 de marzo de 2022): <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;">«Hasta la fecha, más de 6.000 municipios han
instalado sus redes WiFi4EU de conformidad con las condiciones del Acuerdo de
subvención. Los gastos de capital (CAPEX) de cada instalación de red se
financiaron con un bono de suma global de 15.000 €.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;">Se llevó a cabo un estudio </span><i style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">ad-hoc</i><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;"> para establecer el número de Puntos de Acceso (AP) que
podrían financiarse con los 15.000 € del monto del bono.</span><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;">El número mínimo de <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">APs</i> a instalar se fijó entre 10 (exteriores) y 15 (interiores),
dependiendo de la combinación de cada tipo. De media, las redes WiFi4EU
instaladas hasta ahora incluyen casi 13 <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">APs</i>
cada una. Este número alcanza hasta 19,5 <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">APs</i>
en las 124 redes instaladas en Bélgica.</span><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;">Durante las campañas de participación de la
Comisión, un número limitado de municipios informó sobre dificultades para
desplegar sus redes por motivos de coste. Sí se hizo referencia otros temas a
los que la Comisión ha prestado la mayor atención posible.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;">Como se explica en las Preguntas frecuentes de
WiFi4EU</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/casa1/Documents/Pap%C3%A1/PREGUNTASPARLAMENTARIAS_Aranzadi_baseacumulativa.docx#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span style="font-size: 16pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 16pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[2]</span></b></span></span></b></span></a><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;">, hay espacio para cierta
flexibilidad para abordar algunos problemas de costes que pueden encontrar los
municipios pequeños.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;">Hay cuestiones planteadas a menudo en las preguntas
recibidas relevantes para consultar sobre el arrendamiento de equipos con
opción a compra (FAQ punto 5.2), sobre el tipo y las tarifas de conexión a
Internet (FAQ punto 5.7), sobre la falta de ubicaciones para los puntos de
acceso, incluida la interpretación de que los beneficiarios pueden compartir sus
</span><i style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">APs</i><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;"> con uno o más municipios vecinos
(FAQ punto 9.2.3) y en la actualización de la red Wi-Fi pública ya existente
(FAQ punto 9.2.6).».</span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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</div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2750593565692173320.post-4051442626440447562022-03-31T09:46:00.004-07:002022-03-31T09:46:42.367-07:00Less food waste in Dutch supermarkets<p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Meierijstad,
14 March 2022 – On average, 98.4% of all food and beverages available in Dutch
supermarkets in 2020 was actually sold; the remaining 1.6% did not reach
consumers (measured by weight in kilogrammes). That means 3.6% less food was
wasted* by supermarkets than in 2018. This is the conclusion of research
carried out by Wageningen University & Research (WUR) for Centraal Bureau
Levensmiddelenhandel [Central Food Trade Office] (CBL) and the Ministry of
Agriculture, Nature & Food Quality under the umbrella of the Samen Tegen
Voedselverspilling [Food Waste Free United] foundation. <span style="background: white;">Five Dutch supermarket chains participated in the project on the basis
of self-reporting: Albert Heijn, Aldi, Jumbo, Lidl and PLUS. Together they
represent almost 80% of the Dutch market.</span></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;"></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><br /></span></div><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: white;">The 1.6% of unsold products in supermarkets in 2020 were distributed
across five product categories. The distribution was almost identical to the
figures for 2018.</span></div>
</span></span><p></p>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGU-nfw3_mgmh9z0Hl5h2L5xDit78kmuIC2CLeCEt978L_ylohktaOr9awYkKyDvXlRzOTcX63kDGBv9_821MIMhbuiLiReYJ1Tycv45WkUAwozkhsZpW8B-nulB7_bXMEV4iEPpJNTYDOzlDwUZMX-qsSTgiLSzaYAp2wk9pZ7mePbUCF-QUtuEth/s584/Dut.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="487" data-original-width="584" height="353" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGU-nfw3_mgmh9z0Hl5h2L5xDit78kmuIC2CLeCEt978L_ylohktaOr9awYkKyDvXlRzOTcX63kDGBv9_821MIMhbuiLiReYJ1Tycv45WkUAwozkhsZpW8B-nulB7_bXMEV4iEPpJNTYDOzlDwUZMX-qsSTgiLSzaYAp2wk9pZ7mePbUCF-QUtuEth/w423-h353/Dut.PNG" width="423" /></a></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="NL" style="line-height: 125%;"><o:p><span style="font-family: helvetica;"> </span></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 125%;"></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="line-height: 125%;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Food waste within the
product categories</span></span></b></div><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; line-height: 125%;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: white;">To take targeted measures against food waste, it
is important to know the amount of waste in each product category. The
proportion of unsold products in relation to purchase volumes per product
category was as follows:</span></div>
</span></span><p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 125%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="background: white; color: black;">bread,
part baked bread and pastries: 7.8% (compared to 7.7% in 2018)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 125%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="background: white; color: black;">fresh
meat and fresh fish: 2.4% (2.9% in 2018)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 125%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="background: white; color: black;">potatoes,
vegetables and fruit: 2.4% (2.7% in 2018)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 125%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="background: white; color: black;">dairy
products, eggs and chilled ready-to-eat products: 1.2% (1.4% in 2018)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 125%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="background: white; color: black;">other
fresh and long-life products: 0.4% (0.4% in 2018)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 125%;"></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><br /></span></div><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; line-height: 125%;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Use of unsold products</b></div>
</span></span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 125%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; line-height: 125%;">*For the purposes of this research, ‘food waste’
refers to products that do not reach consumers. These waste streams are often
used for other purposes, such as animal feed, fermentation and incineration.</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; line-height: 125%;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; line-height: 125%;">For example,
two-thirds of unsold fresh bread, part baked bread and pastries are processed
into high-grade animal feed. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; line-height: 125%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 125%;"></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><br /></span></div><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; line-height: 125%;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Role of the supermarket in a waste-free supply chain</b></div>
</span></span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 125%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; line-height: 125%;">Despite higher sales in 2020 due to COVID-19,
the amount of food wasted in 2020 clearly decreased compared to 2018. “This
shows that the various waste-free initiatives taken by supermarket chains in
2019 and 2020 are bearing fruit,” says Toine Timmermans, director of the Food
Waste Free United foundation. “Supermarkets play an important role in reducing
food waste, not only individually but also as part of the supply chain, for
example by making sustainable agreements with their suppliers, adapting quality
standards, using new technologies and raising consumer awareness.”</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; line-height: 125%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 125%;"></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><br /></span></div><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="line-height: 125%;"><div style="color: black; text-align: justify;">Jennifer Muller, Sustainability Manager at CBL, is happy with the results of
the self-reports: “Dutch supermarkets are still leading the way in this respect
worldwide. The results of the research reveal which product categories can
achieve the best results and this enables the supermarkets to work towards a
sector-wide target: 50% less food waste by 2030.”</div>
<!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div>
<!--[endif]--></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; line-height: 125%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span lang="NL"><a href="https://samentegenvoedselverspilling.nl/downloads/intern/Infographic_retail_2022.pdf"><span lang="EN-GB" style="line-height: 115%;">View the infographic with solutions implemented by
supermarkets to reduce food waste.</span></a></span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; line-height: 115%;"><o:p><span style="font-family: helvetica;"> </span></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; line-height: 115%;">Food waste
self-reports per sector</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 125%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span lang="NL"><a href="https://samentegenvoedselverspilling.nl/downloads/supermarkten"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; line-height: 125%;">In 2020</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; line-height: 125%;">, Dutch supermarkets
achieved a first when they made their food waste streams transparent. <span style="background: white;">Thanks to this research, we now have a better
understanding of food waste in the supermarket sector. The supermarket chains
voluntarily self-reported their food waste and provided the anonymised data to
WUR. WUR performed a data analysis and extrapolated the results to the entire
Dutch market.</span> Food Waste Free United is now working with WUR to analyse
more links in the supply chain so that more targeted measures can be taken
against food waste. More and more food chain sectors are participating in this
research. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; line-height: 125%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 125%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; line-height: 125%;"><o:p><span style="font-family: helvetica;"> </span></o:p></span></p>
<div style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 0cm 0cm 1.0pt 0cm;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 12pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; line-height: 115%;">The research is an
initiative of the CBL and part of the implementation agenda of the Food Waste
Free United foundation. The research is being conducted by Wageningen Food
& Biobased Research and is funded by the Ministry of Agriculture, Nature
and Food Quality.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 12.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 1.0pt 0cm; padding: 0cm;"></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><br /></span></div><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="line-height: 115%;"><div style="color: black; text-align: justify;"><b><i>Food Waste Free United</i></b></div>
<i style="color: black;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><i>The Food Waste Free United foundation is a movement established to combine
and accelerate all important initiatives and expertise for a waste-free
Netherlands. In this initiative, companies throughout the entire supply chain,
knowledge institutions, government bodies and social organisations are working
together to achieve the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 12.3: to
reduce food loss and waste by half by 2030 (baseline 2015). The foundation has
developed a joint and systematic approach to reduce food waste in the
Netherlands by 1 billion kilos annually, from farm to fork. The key
organisations in the foundation are: Food Tech Brainport, Municipality of
Meierijstad, Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality, Province of
Noord-Brabant, Rabobank, Dutch Nutrition Centre, and Wageningen University
& Research. Our work is supported by Regio Deal Noordoost Brabant.</i></div></i><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div>
<!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]-->
<!--[endif]--></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span><p></p>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 12.0pt;"></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Note for editors:</span></span></b></div><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; line-height: 115%;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">For further information, journalists are asked to contact:</span></div></span><p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black;">Food Waste Free
United foundation – Magreet Schijvens, +31 (0)6 21298720/ </span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="mailto:magreet@samentegenvoedselverspilling.nl"><span lang="EN-GB">magreet@samentegenvoedselverspilling.nl</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black;">CBL – Lisa Martis,
+31 (0)6 52338597 </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black;">Wageningen University
& Research – Martijntje Vollebregt, +31 (0)6 23373831</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="NL" style="color: black;"><o:p><span style="font-family: helvetica;"> </span></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black;">Figure 1: Food waste in supermarkets per product
group. Bread and pastries account for the largest share (35.2%), followed by
potatoes,</span><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="background: rgb(244, 244, 244); color: #333333;"> </span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black;">vegetables and fruit (31.9%).
Fresh meat and fresh fish produce the least amount of waste (7.2%).</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black;">About the CBL</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black;">The CBL represents the interests
of the supermarket sector and food service companies in the Netherlands. Food
trade accounts for more than 10% of the Gross National Product. The industry
employs over 300,000 people and is one of the largest employers in the
Netherlands. Every day, four million consumers do their shopping in
supermarkets represented by the CBL.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;"><o:p><span style="font-family: helvetica;"> </span></o:p></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><p></p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2750593565692173320.post-48086289903733856672022-03-19T10:36:00.003-07:002022-03-19T10:36:41.894-07:00Parlamento Europeo: INTERFERENCIA DE LA 5G CON INSTRUMENTOS DE RADAR EN EL SECTOR DE LA AVIACIÓN • 19 DE ENERO DE 2022 <p> </p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #385723; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #385723; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;">- SUSANA SOLÍS PÉREZ – [E-000252/2022]</span></b><a href="file:///C:/Users/casa1/Documents/Pap%C3%A1/PREGUNTASPARLAMENTARIAS_Aranzadi_baseacumulativa.docx#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #385723; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #385723; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #385723; font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #385723; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;">[1]</span></b></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></b></span></a><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #385723; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #385723; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #385723; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">La actual crisis en el sector de la aviación provocada por el
despliegue de redes 5G en los Estados Unidos ha puesto de manifiesto
consecuencias imprevistas, tangibles y negativas, resultado de la falta de
previsión en la planificación de las autoridades estadounidenses. Estos
recientes problemas de seguridad acerca de las interferencias de la 5G con los
instrumentos de radar de las aeronaves pueden perturbar los flujos normales de
la aviación en una escala preocupante.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #385723; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #385723; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQ5QGv-ZzXgVURuOtrjAGC1yiYpyyaJyu47u82xLnJVaDmo0_M439TD-csqJZGekZAXLu2CitsW83OUbdWKUHE_acykvEoO-zrGeo4Ns0hN_SLhSV5NyFJFVIlCdEyCFG20xNmXvF1SL-MAdhTBKLs3-SEkRnkk1L8yc1iaN6Vi-sCpnHxbNDxlUHm/s960/5g.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="640" data-original-width="960" height="273" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQ5QGv-ZzXgVURuOtrjAGC1yiYpyyaJyu47u82xLnJVaDmo0_M439TD-csqJZGekZAXLu2CitsW83OUbdWKUHE_acykvEoO-zrGeo4Ns0hN_SLhSV5NyFJFVIlCdEyCFG20xNmXvF1SL-MAdhTBKLs3-SEkRnkk1L8yc1iaN6Vi-sCpnHxbNDxlUHm/w410-h273/5g.jpg" width="410" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #385723; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #385723; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;">Para los servicios de 5G en la Unión, hemos optado por una
frecuencia inferior, en una banda de 3,4 a 3,8 Ghz, que ha demostrado ser el
enfoque regulador y tecnológico adecuado. En este sentido, la Agencia de la
Unión Europea para la Seguridad Aérea (AESA), en su boletín sobre seguridad
titulado «Operations to aerodromes located in United States with potential risk
of interference from 5G ground stations (as published through aerodrome NOTAMs)
[Operaciones a aeródromos situados en Estados Unidos con riesgo potencial de
interferencia de estaciones 5G terrestres (hecho público a través de avisos a
pilotos desde aeródromos)], publicado el 17 de diciembre de 2021, afirma que no
se ha detectado ningún riesgo de interferencia insegura en Europa. No obstante,
crece la alarma entre algunos sectores de la población.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #385723; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Considerando lo anterior, formulo las siguientes preguntas:</span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #385723; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">1. ¿Tiene previsto la Comisión adoptar medidas adicionales sobre
las normas relativas a la 5G a fin de garantizar que el despliegue continuo de
esta tecnología se mantenga sin riesgos para la aviación europea?</span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #385723; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">2. ¿Puede garantizar la Comisión que el sector de la aviación no
sufrirá perturbaciones?</span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #385723; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #385723; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #385723; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #385723; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;">Respuesta del Sr.
Breton en nombre de la Comisión Europea</span></b><span style="color: #385723; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #385723; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;"> (18 de marzo de 2022): <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #385723; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">«La Comisión tiene conocimiento del debate mantenido en los Estados
Unidos entre la Administración Federal de Aviación (FAA), la Comisión Federal
de Comunicaciones (FCC) y los sectores de la aviación y de las
telecomunicaciones sobre un posible riesgo de interferencia perjudicial de las
estaciones base de 5G que operan en la banda C (3,4-4,0 GHz) en los
radioaltímetros aeronáuticos (que funcionan en la banda de 4,2-4,4 GHz).</span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #385723; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Si bien este posible riesgo de interferencia perjudicial es de
carácter mundial, la situación en la UE es diferente, ya que, en ella, la banda
pionera pertinente de 5G de 3,6 GHz está limitada a 3,8 GHz, mientras que los
altímetros funcionan entre los 4,2 GHz y 4,4 GHz. En comparación, en los
Estados Unidos, el límite superior del espectro de la 5G es de 3,98 GHz, por lo
que está mucho más cerca de la gama de frecuencias de los altímetros. Esto
significa que en la UE existe una «banda de guarda» de protección de
400 MHz</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/casa1/Documents/Pap%C3%A1/PREGUNTASPARLAMENTARIAS_Aranzadi_baseacumulativa.docx#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" title=""><b><sup><span style="color: #385723; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #385723; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;"><b><sup><span style="font-size: 11pt;">[2]</span></sup></b></span></sup></b></a><span style="color: #385723; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"> entre las bandas de los
espectros de la 5G y de los altímetros.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #385723; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Por lo tanto, en la UE no se ha notificado ninguna incidencia de
interferencias perjudiciales en los radioaltímetros de las estaciones de 5G que
funcionan en la banda pionera de 3,6 GHz, como ha confirmado la Agencia de la
Unión Europea para la Seguridad Aérea (AESA)</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/casa1/Documents/Pap%C3%A1/PREGUNTASPARLAMENTARIAS_Aranzadi_baseacumulativa.docx#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" title=""><b><sup><span style="color: #385723; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #385723; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;"><b><sup><span style="font-size: 12pt;">[3]</span></sup></b></span></sup></b></a><span style="color: #385723; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">. La AESA está siguiendo de
cerca la evolución de la situación y está ayudando a los fabricantes y a las
compañías aéreas de la UE a garantizar que puedan seguir llevando a cabo sus
operaciones con origen y destino en los Estados Unidos.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #385723; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">No obstante, los servicios de la Comisión, en cooperación con la
Conferencia Europea de Administraciones Postales y de Telecomunicaciones
(CEPT), y en particular su comité responsable de radiocomunicaciones y
telecomunicaciones (ECC), Eurocontrol y la AESA están siguiendo con atención el
asunto. Así se garantiza la adopción de un enfoque coordinado de la UE basado
en la colaboración permanente entre los ámbitos de las telecomunicaciones y de
la aviación, con el objetivo de garantizar la seguridad aérea en coexistencia
con la 5G.».</span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #385723; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #385723; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<div style="mso-element: footnote-list;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><br clear="all" />
<hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" />
<!--[endif]-->
<div id="ftn1" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/casa1/Documents/Pap%C3%A1/PREGUNTASPARLAMENTARIAS_Aranzadi_baseacumulativa.docx#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b>[1]</b></span><!--[endif]--></b></span></a><b> </b><span lang="EN-US">Lengua original: inglés.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/casa1/Documents/Pap%C3%A1/PREGUNTASPARLAMENTARIAS_Aranzadi_baseacumulativa.docx#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b>[2]</b></span></b></span></a> 4 200 MHz - 3 800 MHz = 400 MHz de
«banda de guarda».</span></p></div><div id="ftn2" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/casa1/Documents/Pap%C3%A1/PREGUNTASPARLAMENTARIAS_Aranzadi_baseacumulativa.docx#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b>[3]</b></span></b></span></a> <a href="https://ad.easa.europa.eu/ad/2021-16">https://ad.easa.europa.eu/ad/2021-16</a></span></p></div><div id="ftn3" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><br /></p>
</div>
</div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2750593565692173320.post-89880480759009747832022-03-18T12:19:00.002-07:002022-03-18T12:22:41.906-07:00Ciara Cullen and Ben Mark (RPC): UK IPO finds gin-uine use of trade mark<p><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBrOJytshzd9Q98PRydVirLEw-2MteZ4qJMS9c6X44gKTBqyxzVy3ENMsVxXEpKD-h33XTvFonSAS0M_Pomlws3aGRXGBqAQ1hCiFBGKkviAIaYxAZFadlMSHvvS2T7My6XN-Qm6eoL5suPKW-RAaqfgTUFIAy7_IrhJVvHnU4zvwh4yfFlyTnk5Ya/s620/UKIPO.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;"><img border="0" data-original-height="400" data-original-width="620" height="264" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBrOJytshzd9Q98PRydVirLEw-2MteZ4qJMS9c6X44gKTBqyxzVy3ENMsVxXEpKD-h33XTvFonSAS0M_Pomlws3aGRXGBqAQ1hCiFBGKkviAIaYxAZFadlMSHvvS2T7My6XN-Qm6eoL5suPKW-RAaqfgTUFIAy7_IrhJVvHnU4zvwh4yfFlyTnk5Ya/w410-h264/UKIPO.jpg" width="410" /></span></a></div><p style="-webkit-text-stroke: 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke: 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;">The UKIPO has rejected an application by Inver House Distillers for the revocation of a competitor's trade mark. The decision was reached on the basis that genuine use of the mark in question, in the UK, had been successfully demonstrated.</span></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke: 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;">In July 2014, the contested mark, which incorporates the 'Master's logo', a lion device and the sharp shape of the product's bottle, was registered for gin (specifically, London Dry Gin) in class 33, in the EU. Following the expiry of the Brexit transition period on 31 December 2020, a comparable UK trade mark was automatically created by the UKIPO. Inver sought to revoke the UK mark under section 46 of the Trade Marks Act 1994 on the grounds of non-use between July 2014 to 2019 and March 2016 to March 2021 (the Relevant Period).</span></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke: 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdiydFvjlrW71v-T7liBfWtHtk3eEdY5aXj3U8GazD-52ZmadHkJp0ml9cQwl9iCirQHtM7wpatDCZB3TzIhsxGl6uwpNkmdqieU-b2mLG45-sC1OAYhNz4GTHImXlOnDMJoYM4FnHazgWIDQKPJIKmXSvoUSsjQigNJ3XQFY-sKVgUuGRqxSBFCPv/s442/gingin.PNG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;"><img border="0" data-original-height="377" data-original-width="442" height="273" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdiydFvjlrW71v-T7liBfWtHtk3eEdY5aXj3U8GazD-52ZmadHkJp0ml9cQwl9iCirQHtM7wpatDCZB3TzIhsxGl6uwpNkmdqieU-b2mLG45-sC1OAYhNz4GTHImXlOnDMJoYM4FnHazgWIDQKPJIKmXSvoUSsjQigNJ3XQFY-sKVgUuGRqxSBFCPv/s320/gingin.PNG" width="320" /></span></a></div><p style="-webkit-text-stroke: 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: justify;"><br /></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke: 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;">The UKIPO considered there was a lack of evidence from the trade mark owner, who submitted only 17 invoices and a handful of social media posts and press coverage in support of its case. In particular, the UKIPO noted that the provision of 17 invoices over the course of the Relevant Period was "far from overwhelming," especially when examined through the lens of the UK's thriving gin market. Even so, it concluded that genuine use of the registration had been shown. This was because there was a "consistent and repeated pattern of sales to an exclusive retailer throughout the relevant periods" and because the owner had "attempted to create and maintain a market for their goods under their mark".</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke: 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; color: #333333;">The decision will provide comfort to brand owners, in that it demonstrates that use of a trade mark does not have to be substantial to be genuine.</span><span style="-webkit-text-stroke: 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; color: #333333;"> </span><a class="logclick ct_cont" href="https://www.ipo.gov.uk/t-challenge-decision-results/o10922.pdf" style="-webkit-text-stroke: 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(223, 223, 223); box-sizing: border-box; color: #276674; outline: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; word-break: break-word;" target="_blank">Read more</a> </span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: x-small;">Source: <a href="https://www.rpc.co.uk/perspectives/food-and-drink/rpc-bites-44/#page=1">https://www.rpc.co.uk/perspectives/food-and-drink/rpc-bites-44/#page=1</a></span></p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2750593565692173320.post-39215376524127789782022-03-17T05:07:00.002-07:002022-03-17T05:07:34.638-07:00Parlamento Europeo: CONCIENCIACIÓN SOBRE LA NECESIDAD DE UN PLAN DE ACCIÓN PARA LAS ENFERMEDADES RARAS Y DE COMBATIR LAS DESIGUALDADES EN MATERIA DE SALUD EN LA UNIÓN • 28 DE ENERO DE 2022<p> <b style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">- ISTVÁN UJHELYI y otros – [E-000365/2022]</span></b><a href="file:///C:/Users/casa1/Documents/Pap%C3%A1/PREGUNTASPARLAMENTARIAS_Aranzadi_baseacumulativa.docx#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" style="text-align: justify;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span style="font-size: 16.0pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[1]</span></b></span></span></b></span></a></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">En la Unión, más de 30 millones de personas
padecen enfermedades raras debilitantes y crónicas, como la anemia falciforme.
Estas personas se enfrentan a retos múltiples y complejos. Muchos de estos
pacientes sufren importantes desigualdades en materia de salud y son
estigmatizados. La pandemia de COVID-19 ha exacerbado estas desigualdades, ya
que el 84 % de las personas que padecen una enfermedad rara dicen haber
experimentado en primera persona la interrupción de los servicios sanitarios.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Entre estas enfermedades raras se encuentra la
anemia falciforme, un trastorno hereditario raro que afecta a más de 52 000
personas en Europa. La anemia falciforme es la enfermedad genética más
frecuente en Europa, y las personas que la padecen son un buen ejemplo de
comunidad de pacientes en los que los responsables políticos nacionales y de la
Unión deberían centrarse, modificando las líneas políticas para responder a sus
necesidades que aún no han sido satisfechas.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Teniendo en cuenta la revisión del Reglamento
sobre medicamentos huérfanos y la necesidad de acabar con las desigualdades en
materia de salud y colmar las necesidades no satisfechas de las personas que
padecen enfermedades raras, formulamos las siguientes preguntas:</span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">1. ¿Piensa la Comisión incluir la introducción
del cribado universal de recién nacidos en la revisión del Reglamento sobre
medicamentos huérfanos?</span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">2. ¿Elaborará la Comisión un plan de acción
para las enfermedades raras de aquí a 2023, que incluya directrices y
actividades de formación de la Unión para los profesionales sanitarios, con el
fin de no dejar atrás a las personas que padecen una enfermedad rara?</span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";"></span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEictNzqxK2RNYFPTQXa0KPi0JZlwOq7Af-vrXt1Qy4y2TCOE89AoKUUN3CdlZnqWR3I_-V5IY44T5p60qjLN5qo_2YI51LU62IOh3VAM7DSIwRyCXIG02dnKo1MAZEX9LMTgOdFhYUhTB5pV1UX4ejAS5fDPT2HO9ROyiKCTyCeo4zi2yJ34Kz-d3p_/s908/kyky.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="222" data-original-width="908" height="139" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEictNzqxK2RNYFPTQXa0KPi0JZlwOq7Af-vrXt1Qy4y2TCOE89AoKUUN3CdlZnqWR3I_-V5IY44T5p60qjLN5qo_2YI51LU62IOh3VAM7DSIwRyCXIG02dnKo1MAZEX9LMTgOdFhYUhTB5pV1UX4ejAS5fDPT2HO9ROyiKCTyCeo4zi2yJ34Kz-d3p_/w572-h139/kyky.PNG" width="572" /></a><b style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Respuesta de la Sra. Kyriakides en nombre de la Comisión Europea</span></b><span style="font-size: 14pt; text-align: left;"> (16 de marzo de 2022):</span></b></div><p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">«1. En el 2000 entró en vigor el Reglamento
sobre medicamentos huérfanos, con el fin de recompensar la investigación y el
desarrollo mediante incentivos y conseguir que los medicamentos para
enfermedades raras pudieran llegar a los pacientes con mayor prontitud. El
Reglamento se evaluó en 2020</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/casa1/Documents/Pap%C3%A1/PREGUNTASPARLAMENTARIAS_Aranzadi_baseacumulativa.docx#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><sup><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><sup><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[2]</span></sup></b><!--[endif]--></span></span></sup></b></a><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><sup><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></sup></b><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">y actualmente se está llevando a cabo una
evaluación de impacto de su revisión</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/casa1/Documents/Pap%C3%A1/PREGUNTASPARLAMENTARIAS_Aranzadi_baseacumulativa.docx#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><sup><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><sup><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[3]</span></sup></b><!--[endif]--></span></span></sup></b></a><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">.</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Uno de los objetivos de la revisión de la
legislación de la UE en materia de medicamentos para enfermedades raras es
fomentar la investigación y el desarrollo de medicamentos para enfermedades
raras y para niños, especialmente en ámbitos en los que las necesidades (más
urgentes) no han sido satisfechas. Esto puede hacerse definiendo mejor los
criterios para determinar estas necesidades no satisfechas de los pacientes que
padecen enfermedades raras (y ofrecer posibles incentivos o recompensas
novedosos para satisfacer estas necesidades). Las necesidades específicas
relativas a estas enfermedades no se introducirán en la propia legislación,
teniendo en cuenta además el gran número de enfermedades raras que existen
actualmente</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/casa1/Documents/Pap%C3%A1/PREGUNTASPARLAMENTARIAS_Aranzadi_baseacumulativa.docx#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title=""><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><sup><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><sup><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[4]</span></sup></b><!--[endif]--></span></span></sup></b></a><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">2. La Recomendación del Consejo, de 8 de junio
de 2009, relativa a una acción en el ámbito de las enfermedades raras</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/casa1/Documents/Pap%C3%A1/PREGUNTASPARLAMENTARIAS_Aranzadi_baseacumulativa.docx#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5" title=""><b><sup><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;"><b><sup><span style="font-size: 11pt;">[5]</span></sup></b></span></sup></b></a><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"> representa la acción
de la UE en este ámbito, y sigue aplicándose a través de una serie de
iniciativas políticas. Por ejemplo, la Comisión apoya veinticuatro redes
europeas de referencia sobre enfermedades raras y complejas de baja prevalencia</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/casa1/Documents/Pap%C3%A1/PREGUNTASPARLAMENTARIAS_Aranzadi_baseacumulativa.docx#_ftn6" name="_ftnref6" title=""><b><sup><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;"><b><sup><span style="font-size: 11pt;">[6]</span></sup></b></span></sup></b></a><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"> de conformidad con el
artículo 12 de la Directiva 2011/24/UE, relativa a la aplicación de
los derechos de los pacientes en la asistencia sanitaria transfronteriza. Los
progresos realizados en la aplicación del planteamiento de la UE sobre las
enfermedades raras se valorarán en el contexto de la evaluación de dicha
Directiva y proporcionarán a la Comisión una base empírica importante para la
elaboración de nuevas políticas en este ámbito.».</span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<div style="mso-element: footnote-list;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><br clear="all" />
<hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" />
<!--[endif]-->
<div id="ftn1" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/casa1/Documents/Pap%C3%A1/PREGUNTASPARLAMENTARIAS_Aranzadi_baseacumulativa.docx#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b>[1]</b></span><!--[endif]--></b></span></a><b> </b><span lang="EN-US">Lengua original: inglés.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/casa1/Documents/Pap%C3%A1/PREGUNTASPARLAMENTARIAS_Aranzadi_baseacumulativa.docx#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b>[2]</b></span></b></span></a> <a href="https://ec.europa.eu/health/human-use/paediatric-medicines/evaluation_es"><span lang="EN-US">https://ec.europa.eu/health/human-use/paediatric-medicines/evaluation_es</span></a></span></p></div><div id="ftn2" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/casa1/Documents/Pap%C3%A1/PREGUNTASPARLAMENTARIAS_Aranzadi_baseacumulativa.docx#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b>[3]</b></span></b></span></a> <a href="https://ec.europa.eu/info/law/better-regulation/have-your-say/initiatives/12767-Medicamentos-para-ninos-y-para-enfermedades-raras-actualizacion-de-las-normas_es"><span lang="EN-US">https://ec.europa.eu/info/law/better-regulation/have-your-say/initiatives/12767-Medicamentos-para-ninos-y-para-enfermedades-raras-actualizacion-de-las-normas_es</span></a></span></p></div><div id="ftn3" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/casa1/Documents/Pap%C3%A1/PREGUNTASPARLAMENTARIAS_Aranzadi_baseacumulativa.docx#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b>[4]</b></span></b></span></a> Actualmente se reconocen más de 6 000
enfermedades raras.</span></p></div><div id="ftn4" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/casa1/Documents/Pap%C3%A1/PREGUNTASPARLAMENTARIAS_Aranzadi_baseacumulativa.docx#_ftnref5" name="_ftn5" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b>[5]</b></span></b></span></a> <a href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/ES/TXT/?uri=celex:32009H0703(02)">https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/ES/TXT/?uri=celex%3A32009H0703%2802%29</a></span></p></div><div id="ftn5" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/casa1/Documents/Pap%C3%A1/PREGUNTASPARLAMENTARIAS_Aranzadi_baseacumulativa.docx#_ftnref6" name="_ftn6" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b>[6]</b></span></b></span></a> <a href="https://ec.europa.eu/health/european-reference-networks_es">https://ec.europa.eu/health/european-reference-networks_es</a></span></p></div><div id="ftn6" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><o:p><span style="font-family: arial;"> </span></o:p></p>
</div>
</div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2750593565692173320.post-23102825211281891692022-03-16T16:41:00.001-07:002022-03-19T10:39:48.169-07:00INDIA: A matter of ‘PRIDE’<p> </p>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhKsXQHAYYKffVlFvF5YgJnbu5ArdnKkVLnKWec4AKMxkwKT68aQC2rCMbtlusJ3MTjQNreEUVSFPL5BS0sHQWgNdK19Zb9a1KIudyX3BPhB9qpRGUFQBe5FuKV4N6LgRoMlLbrgUI07pY1Vby8sRccPv8IaI7EMMjArVEQlEdDIneFDSeglMicC0c5=s499" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="259" data-original-width="499" height="166" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhKsXQHAYYKffVlFvF5YgJnbu5ArdnKkVLnKWec4AKMxkwKT68aQC2rCMbtlusJ3MTjQNreEUVSFPL5BS0sHQWgNdK19Zb9a1KIudyX3BPhB9qpRGUFQBe5FuKV4N6LgRoMlLbrgUI07pY1Vby8sRccPv8IaI7EMMjArVEQlEdDIneFDSeglMicC0c5=s320" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p><br /></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke: 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;">For the reasons explained by the Delhi High Court in the case of <em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">Pernod Ricard India Private Limited v. Frost Falcon Distilleries Limited, </strong></em><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">i</em>njunction may be granted against <em style="box-sizing: border-box;">passing off</em> of goods or services despite of an infringement of a registered trademark not having established.</span></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke: 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;">Pernod Ricard India Private Limited (Pernod Ricard) sells alcoholic beverages under the trademarks "BLENDERS PRIDE" and "IMPERIAL BLUE" in India since 1997and 1995 respectively. FROST FALCON DISTILLERIES LIMITED (Falcon Frost) also sells alcoholic beverages under its own mark "CASINOS PRIDE". Cause of action arose when it came to the knowledge of Pernod Ricard that Falcon Frost had applied for registration for its trademark "CASINOS PRIDE".</span></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke: 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;">Pernod Ricard filed a case in the Delhi High Court, alleging an infringement/passing off of its trademarks, copyrights, and trade dress – an area of trademark law that provides for protection against imitation of specific features including packaging or appearance of the product.</span></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke: 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;">Pernod Ricard contended that the mark "CASINOS PRIDE" was phonetically and deceptively similar with its registered marks "BLENDERS PRIDE" and "IMPERIAL BLUE". Pernod Ricard further claimed that even the overall colour scheme, trade dress, the shape of the bottle and the 3D Mark of "CASINOS PRIDE" were deceptively similar to that of their registered marks</span><span face="Roboto, Arial, sans-serif" style="font-size: 15px;">.</span></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke: 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><div class="image-clippable-wrapper" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; position: relative;"><div class="clip-icon-wrapper" style="background-color: #266671; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; height: 40px; position: absolute; right: -40px; top: 0px; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s; width: 40px;"><div class="clip-icon" style="bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: table; height: 40px; padding-left: 11px; padding-top: 8px; top: 0px; width: 40px;"><span class="fal fa-cut" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; color: white; display: inline-block; font-family: "Font Awesome 5 Pro"; font-size: 22px; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: 1; text-rendering: auto;"></span></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"> <img alt="" src="https://d2dzik4ii1e1u6.cloudfront.net/images/lexology/static/a28dd937-13a2-4a17-bb7b-fd828cede4fc.png" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; height: 400px; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; width: 527px;" /></div></div><p></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke: 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="font-size: large;">Source – Judgement</span></p><blockquote style="-webkit-text-stroke: 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border-left: 5px solid rgb(238, 238, 238); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 10px 20px;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 17.5px; line-height: 1.25; margin: 0px;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">*We do not claim any copyright in the above images. The same have been reproduced for academic purposes.</em></p></blockquote><p style="-webkit-text-stroke: 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;">Against this, Falcon Frost contended that that the expression "PRIDE" is common to the alcoholic beverage trade, and thus Pernod Ricard could not claim exclusivity over the said word.</span></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke: 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;">The Delhi High Court after considering the contentions of the parties, held that Pernod Ricard was not able to make out a case of infringement as the expression/term "PRIDE" is common to the alcoholic beverage trade, and that Pernod Ricard could not claim an exclusivity over the term "PRIDE", instead it could claim its rights over its proprietary marks "BLENDERS PRIDE" and "IMPERIAL BLUE" as a whole, by applying the "Anti-dissection" rule. The anti – dissection rule mandates that the Courts while dealing with cases of trademark infringement involving composite marks, must consider the composite marks in their entirety as a whole rather than dissecting them into its component parts and make comparison with the corresponding parts of a rival mark to determine the likelihood of confusion.</span></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke: 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;">The Delhi High Court observed that although the trademarks were different, in the present matter, all the essential requirements to establish passing off were satisfied. In reaching its conclusions, the Court explained the law on <em style="box-sizing: border-box;">passing off</em> including that, Frost Falcon, had combined distinctive features of different marks so as to suggest an association with Pernod Ricard, which was likely to cause a confusion in the minds of the customers with its label "CASINOS PRIDE‘, the manner in which the mark was being employed and the product was being sold.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke: 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; color: #333333;">Hence, the Delhi High Court granted an interlocutory injunction on an application filed by Pernod Ricard against Falcon Frost.</span> </span></p><div class="gated-content" style="-webkit-text-stroke: 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;"><div class="article-section-footer" id="article-footnote" style="box-sizing: border-box;">To view all formatting for this article (eg, tables, footnotes), please access the original <a href="https://www.lexology.com/library/document.ashx?g=6e837c5e-6555-4d59-a2bd-6c15d36370e0" rel="nofollow" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #276674; outline: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; word-break: break-word;" target="_blank" title="View original document">here</a>.</div><div class="article-section-footer" id="article-footnote" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br /></div><div class="article-section-footer" id="article-footnote" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><a class="firmName" href="https://www.lexology.com/contributors/rk-dewan-and-co" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #276674; font-weight: 700; outline: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; word-break: break-word;">RK Dewan & Co</a></div><div class="article-section-footer" id="article-footnote" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg1uQO2prwIsyfnvgP8_tsTs1jlI2GTNT_qD3P2CfFguYHFe0IMxzSfxkk5-9ljr9kLyAVTXQAdfs55QKIYL35yPVJxOLbSncsMCxL25u7iyoPJUNYowFVzhjzFKnsC-VXwR0MgyauS-jhnHePwr-EK8AQb8TSIXUvqUYj1N8E79hlDIxrW3g=s460" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="421" data-original-width="460" height="346" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg1uQO2prwIsyfnvgP8_tsTs1jlI2GTNT_qD3P2CfFguYHFe0IMxzSfxkk5-9ljr9kLyAVTXQAdfs55QKIYL35yPVJxOLbSncsMCxL25u7iyoPJUNYowFVzhjzFKnsC-VXwR0MgyauS-jhnHePwr-EK8AQb8TSIXUvqUYj1N8E79hlDIxrW3g=w378-h346" width="378" /></a></div><br /><div class="article-section-footer" id="article-footnote" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br /></div></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2750593565692173320.post-41355127022389336432022-03-12T08:35:00.006-08:002022-03-12T08:35:40.162-08:00PARLAMENTO EUROPEO: POR UNA TRANSICIÓN CLIMÁTICA SOCIALMENTE EQUITATIVA <p> </p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";"></span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgudqbUWkjWprfK0UGbV2ZOR3753b1lQK8_tbrIAnhyexKhF3I47666GNc-G8GkFgMHHbevP-hoastWWv0CZJ6y26zYg9tqrMUK_XbcWQBmcfwJCh73XMBcJ7I6XzqAQBAd_8npB50B3JweX1bVLYmpj-aREJX5s9FDQlmiMjGYceSQVjljOP3hfgLY=s171" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="171" data-original-width="127" height="171" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgudqbUWkjWprfK0UGbV2ZOR3753b1lQK8_tbrIAnhyexKhF3I47666GNc-G8GkFgMHHbevP-hoastWWv0CZJ6y26zYg9tqrMUK_XbcWQBmcfwJCh73XMBcJ7I6XzqAQBAd_8npB50B3JweX1bVLYmpj-aREJX5s9FDQlmiMjGYceSQVjljOP3hfgLY" width="127" /></a><b style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">24 DE DICIEMBRE DE 2021: PREGUNTA PRESENTADA POR EL PARLAMENTARIO MIHAI TUDOSE – [E-005721/2021]</span></b><a href="file:///C:/Users/casa1/Documents/Pap%C3%A1/PREGUNTASPARLAMENTARIAS_Aranzadi_baseacumulativa.docx#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" style="text-align: justify;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span style="font-size: 16.0pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[1]</span></b></span></span></b></span></a></b></div><p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Las recomendaciones de la Comisión del 14 de
diciembre de 2021 para limitar el impacto social de la transición ecológica
son, en mi opinión, insuficientes. La Comisión toma decisiones sobre cuestiones
económicas, pero para las sociales, se contenta con hacer recomendaciones. Lo
que estamos viendo es un doble rasero, como también ha sido criticado por la
Confederación Europea de Sindicatos.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">La Comisión debe tomar medidas decisivas para
gestionar las consecuencias socioeconómicas del Pacto Verde, y no solo con el
fin de impulsar la transformación ecológica, porque los cambios son necesarios,
siempre que sean económicamente sostenibles y socialmente justos.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">1. Acojo con satisfacción la previsión de la
Comisión de que la transición ecológica podría crear un millón de nuevos
puestos de trabajo en la UE para 2030 y dos millones para 2050. Sin embargo,
¿cuántos puestos de trabajo estima la Comisión que se perderán como resultado
de la transición de la UE hacia una economía climáticamente neutra?</span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">2. Dado que la escala de la transición verde
está más allá de la capacidad de respuesta de las políticas nacionales, ¿piensa
la Comisión ejercer sus poderes compartidos para la protección de los
ciudadanos de la UE, y de una manera que sea más coherente que las directrices políticas
generales, utilizando instrumentos más sensibles y realistas que el Fondo
Social para el Clima, que tiene fuentes de financiación poco fiables y no se
espera que esté operativo hasta 2025?</span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiqchyCCg9Moux5HnSyTyPt_jhqxR_NPY3u4ZIAbLQXjREvhvI20L8adOg-2sVWJy-CN1HXjV2jSJY_4uTMj0fZSytXOAwMb5dsQzAfdk8oN5bLog6RkxpieoTzVaVDC9yot1tIJF1GDHvLA_O5cwxKr5sL5MHjwmmuJpGFmXnnvb6KnhZHarJgnWyv=s1920" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1280" data-original-width="1920" height="271" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiqchyCCg9Moux5HnSyTyPt_jhqxR_NPY3u4ZIAbLQXjREvhvI20L8adOg-2sVWJy-CN1HXjV2jSJY_4uTMj0fZSytXOAwMb5dsQzAfdk8oN5bLog6RkxpieoTzVaVDC9yot1tIJF1GDHvLA_O5cwxKr5sL5MHjwmmuJpGFmXnnvb6KnhZHarJgnWyv=w407-h271" width="407" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">Respuesta del Sr. Schmit en nombre de la Comisión Europea</span></b><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";"> (11 de marzo de 2022): <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">«En
general, la <i>ecologización</i> de la
economía podría fomentar la expansión del mercado laboral, al tiempo que
implica una importante reasignación de mano de obra entre y dentro de los
sectores. Las políticas de acompañamiento adecuadas pueden ayudar a crear
alrededor de 1 millón de empleos netos de calidad en la UE para 2030 y 2
millones para 2050, teniendo en cuenta las pérdidas de empleo previstas de
alrededor de 495 000 personas en sectores vinculados a la industria de la
minería del carbón y al motor de combustión</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/casa1/Documents/Pap%C3%A1/PREGUNTASPARLAMENTARIAS_Aranzadi_baseacumulativa.docx#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span lang="EN-IE" style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: black; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-IE; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; padding: 0cm;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span lang="EN-IE" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; font-size: 11pt; padding: 0cm;">[2]</span></b></span></span></b></span></a><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">. Se crearán nuevos puestos de trabajo en energías renovables,
construcción, economía circular y <i>electromovilidad</i></span><a href="file:///C:/Users/casa1/Documents/Pap%C3%A1/PREGUNTASPARLAMENTARIAS_Aranzadi_baseacumulativa.docx#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span lang="EN-IE" style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: black; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-IE; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; padding: 0cm;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span lang="EN-IE" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; font-size: 11pt; padding: 0cm;">[3]</span></b></span></span></b></span></a><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Para
garantizar una transición justa, la Comisión ha puesto en marcha una amplia
estrategia e iniciativas políticas que abarcan los aspectos sociales y
laborales (Recomendación EASE</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/casa1/Documents/Pap%C3%A1/PREGUNTASPARLAMENTARIAS_Aranzadi_baseacumulativa.docx#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span lang="EN-IE" style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: black; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-IE; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; padding: 0cm;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span lang="EN-IE" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; font-size: 11pt; padding: 0cm;">[4]</span></b></span></span></b></span></a><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">, la “Agenda de Capacidades Europea”</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/casa1/Documents/Pap%C3%A1/PREGUNTASPARLAMENTARIAS_Aranzadi_baseacumulativa.docx#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span lang="EN-IE" style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: black; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-IE; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; padding: 0cm;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span lang="EN-IE" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; font-size: 11pt; padding: 0cm;">[5]</span></b></span></span></b></span></a><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">, Paquete <i>Fit for 55</i></span><a href="file:///C:/Users/casa1/Documents/Pap%C3%A1/PREGUNTASPARLAMENTARIAS_Aranzadi_baseacumulativa.docx#_ftn6" name="_ftnref6" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span lang="EN-IE" style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: black; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-IE; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; padding: 0cm;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span lang="EN-IE" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; font-size: 11pt; padding: 0cm;">[6]</span></b></span></span></b></span></a><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">, la “Estrategia Industrial”</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/casa1/Documents/Pap%C3%A1/PREGUNTASPARLAMENTARIAS_Aranzadi_baseacumulativa.docx#_ftn7" name="_ftnref7" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span lang="EN-IE" style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: black; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-IE; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; padding: 0cm;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span lang="EN-IE" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; font-size: 11pt; padding: 0cm;">[7]</span></b></span></span></b></span></a><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">). Junto al Fondo Social para el Clima</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/casa1/Documents/Pap%C3%A1/PREGUNTASPARLAMENTARIAS_Aranzadi_baseacumulativa.docx#_ftn8" name="_ftnref8" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span lang="EN-IE" style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: black; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-IE; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; padding: 0cm;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span lang="EN-IE" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; font-size: 11pt; padding: 0cm;">[8]</span></b></span></span></b></span></a><span lang="EN-IE" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">ya propuesto, hay múltiples oportunidades
de financiación disponibles: el Fondo de Transición Justa</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/casa1/Documents/Pap%C3%A1/PREGUNTASPARLAMENTARIAS_Aranzadi_baseacumulativa.docx#_ftn9" name="_ftnref9" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-IE" style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: black; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-IE; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; padding: 0cm;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-IE" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; font-size: 11pt; padding: 0cm;">[9]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">, con 19.300 millones €, que apoya a los trabajadores y las
regiones que se espera que sean los más afectados negativamente por la
transición verde, por ejemplo mediante la formación y diversificación
económica; el Mecanismo de Recuperación y Resiliencia</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/casa1/Documents/Pap%C3%A1/PREGUNTASPARLAMENTARIAS_Aranzadi_baseacumulativa.docx#_ftn10" name="_ftnref10" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-IE" style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: black; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-IE; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; padding: 0cm;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-IE" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; font-size: 11pt; padding: 0cm;">[10]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">, con 723.800 millones €, de los cuales un 37 % dedicado al gasto
ecológico y los Estados miembros un 30 % asignado a objetivos sociales; El Fondo
Social Europeo ‘Plus’</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/casa1/Documents/Pap%C3%A1/PREGUNTASPARLAMENTARIAS_Aranzadi_baseacumulativa.docx#_ftn11" name="_ftnref11" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-IE" style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: black; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-IE; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; padding: 0cm;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-IE" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; font-size: 11pt; padding: 0cm;">[11]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">, con 99.300 millones €, para apoyar políticas de capacitación y
reformas estructurales, reforzado por REACT-EU</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/casa1/Documents/Pap%C3%A1/PREGUNTASPARLAMENTARIAS_Aranzadi_baseacumulativa.docx#_ftn12" name="_ftnref12" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-IE" style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: black; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-IE; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; padding: 0cm;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-IE" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; font-size: 11pt; padding: 0cm;">[12]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">, con 55.000 millones €; Invest EU</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/casa1/Documents/Pap%C3%A1/PREGUNTASPARLAMENTARIAS_Aranzadi_baseacumulativa.docx#_ftn13" name="_ftnref13" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-IE" style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: black; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-IE; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; padding: 0cm;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-IE" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; font-size: 11pt; padding: 0cm;">[13]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">, con 26.200 millones €, relativo a la escasez de capacidades, la
renovación del rendimiento energético y las energías renovables. La propuesta
de Recomendación del Consejo sobre una transición justa</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/casa1/Documents/Pap%C3%A1/PREGUNTASPARLAMENTARIAS_Aranzadi_baseacumulativa.docx#_ftn14" name="_ftnref14" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-IE" style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: black; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-IE; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; padding: 0cm;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-IE" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; font-size: 11pt; padding: 0cm;">[14]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"> proporciona orientación para aplicar herramientas políticas y
hacer un uso óptimo de los instrumentos de financiación</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/casa1/Documents/Pap%C3%A1/PREGUNTASPARLAMENTARIAS_Aranzadi_baseacumulativa.docx#_ftn15" name="_ftnref15" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-IE" style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: black; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-IE; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; padding: 0cm;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-IE" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; font-size: 11pt; padding: 0cm;">[15]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">.».</span></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgUm-xkCTaqaH-aqU2Ww6ed8RvrBVFyrH_GlNpTAXa5rUFOJN7ifj6UtkybuXUx1a1Gk4KzxPxDf5ukA5N_z5bUNaPEj5rhEEktYTIjyBEYn-pRic9lWSAWScVAN8uemscllWRSmeU_c5iL-ZBzIsSzd3joETibqXlX8uFasi_o0nxjxfZ-5xV6ph98=s460" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="421" data-original-width="460" height="293" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgUm-xkCTaqaH-aqU2Ww6ed8RvrBVFyrH_GlNpTAXa5rUFOJN7ifj6UtkybuXUx1a1Gk4KzxPxDf5ukA5N_z5bUNaPEj5rhEEktYTIjyBEYn-pRic9lWSAWScVAN8uemscllWRSmeU_c5iL-ZBzIsSzd3joETibqXlX8uFasi_o0nxjxfZ-5xV6ph98=s320" width="320" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<div style="mso-element: footnote-list;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><br clear="all" />
<hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" />
<!--[endif]-->
<div id="ftn1" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="file:///C:/Users/casa1/Documents/Pap%C3%A1/PREGUNTASPARLAMENTARIAS_Aranzadi_baseacumulativa.docx#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[1]</span></b></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></b></span></a><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;">
</span></b><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;">Traducción no oficial;
lengua original: rumano.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="file:///C:/Users/casa1/Documents/Pap%C3%A1/PREGUNTASPARLAMENTARIAS_Aranzadi_baseacumulativa.docx#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[2]</span></b></span></b></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> As an example, the deployment of
renewable energy technologies in today’s coal regions can create up to 315.000
jobs by 2030.</span></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="file:///C:/Users/casa1/Documents/Pap%C3%A1/PREGUNTASPARLAMENTARIAS_Aranzadi_baseacumulativa.docx#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[3]</span></b></span></b></span></a> <span lang="EN-US">SWD(2020) 176 final.</span></p></div><div id="ftn3" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="file:///C:/Users/casa1/Documents/Pap%C3%A1/PREGUNTASPARLAMENTARIAS_Aranzadi_baseacumulativa.docx#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[4]</span></b></span></b></span></a> C(2021)
1372 final.</p></div><div id="ftn4" style="mso-element: footnote;"><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="file:///C:/Users/casa1/Documents/Pap%C3%A1/PREGUNTASPARLAMENTARIAS_Aranzadi_baseacumulativa.docx#_ftnref5" name="_ftn5" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[5]</span></b></span></b></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> COM(2020) 274 final.</span></p></div><div id="ftn5" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="file:///C:/Users/casa1/Documents/Pap%C3%A1/PREGUNTASPARLAMENTARIAS_Aranzadi_baseacumulativa.docx#_ftnref6" name="_ftn6" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[6]</span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US">COM(2021) 550 final.</span></p></div><div id="ftn6" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="file:///C:/Users/casa1/Documents/Pap%C3%A1/PREGUNTASPARLAMENTARIAS_Aranzadi_baseacumulativa.docx#_ftnref7" name="_ftn7" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[7]</span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US">COM(2021) 350 final, including
specific transition pathways.</span></p></div><div id="ftn7" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="file:///C:/Users/casa1/Documents/Pap%C3%A1/PREGUNTASPARLAMENTARIAS_Aranzadi_baseacumulativa.docx#_ftnref8" name="_ftn8" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[8]</span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US">COM(2021) 568 final.</span></p></div><div id="ftn8" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="file:///C:/Users/casa1/Documents/Pap%C3%A1/PREGUNTASPARLAMENTARIAS_Aranzadi_baseacumulativa.docx#_ftnref9" name="_ftn9" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[9]</span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> Regulation (EU) 2021/241 of the
European Parliament and of the Council of 12 February 2021 establishing the
Recovery and Resilience Facility.</span></p></div><div id="ftn9" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="file:///C:/Users/casa1/Documents/Pap%C3%A1/PREGUNTASPARLAMENTARIAS_Aranzadi_baseacumulativa.docx#_ftnref10" name="_ftn10" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[10]</span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> Regulation (EU) 2021/241 of the
European Parliament and of the Council of 12 February 2021 establishing the
Recovery and Resilience Facility.</span></p></div><div id="ftn10" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="file:///C:/Users/casa1/Documents/Pap%C3%A1/PREGUNTASPARLAMENTARIAS_Aranzadi_baseacumulativa.docx#_ftnref11" name="_ftn11" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[11]</span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> Regulation (EU) 2021/1057 of the
European Parliament and of the Council of 24 June 2021 establishing the
European Social Fund Plus (ESF+) and repealing Regulation (EU) No 1296/2013.</span></p></div><div id="ftn11" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="file:///C:/Users/casa1/Documents/Pap%C3%A1/PREGUNTASPARLAMENTARIAS_Aranzadi_baseacumulativa.docx#_ftnref12" name="_ftn12" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[12]</span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> Regulation (EU) 2020/2221 of the
European Parliament and of the Council of 23 December 2020 amending Regulation
(EU) No 1303/2013 as regards additional resources and implementing arrangements
to provide assistance for fostering crisis repair in the context of the
COVID-19 pandemic and its social consequences and for preparing a green,
digital and resilient recovery of the economy (REACT-EU).</span></p></div><div id="ftn12" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="file:///C:/Users/casa1/Documents/Pap%C3%A1/PREGUNTASPARLAMENTARIAS_Aranzadi_baseacumulativa.docx#_ftnref13" name="_ftn13" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[13]</span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US">Regulation (EU) 2021/523 of
the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 March 2021 establishing the
InvestEU Programme and amending Regulation (EU) 2015/1017.</span></p></div><div id="ftn13" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="file:///C:/Users/casa1/Documents/Pap%C3%A1/PREGUNTASPARLAMENTARIAS_Aranzadi_baseacumulativa.docx#_ftnref14" name="_ftn14" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[14]</span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> Proposal for a Council
Recommendation on ensuring a fair transition towards climate neutrality COM
(2021) 801 final, and accompanying SWD (2021) 452 final.</span></p></div><div id="ftn14" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="file:///C:/Users/casa1/Documents/Pap%C3%A1/PREGUNTASPARLAMENTARIAS_Aranzadi_baseacumulativa.docx#_ftnref15" name="_ftn15" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[15]</span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US">SWD(2021) 452 final, Annex 3.</span></p></div><div id="ftn15" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2750593565692173320.post-13616010480661084872022-02-16T16:31:00.002-08:002022-02-16T16:32:03.817-08:00COP26 • 23 DE NOVIEMBRE DE 2021 - PREGUNTA AL CONSEJO DE PEDRO MARQUES (PARLAMENTO EUROPEO) – [E-005230/2021]<p> </p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgWm7MEd8NjRM_kM_dVyuU_cHI86DcppRfFEnXfYJIjG5yVQxX_PfbMnZuglIBMI51JVUAW_2RVmMHVIQL-ZRMCVMy8xmrrRoaF2Pc9jMMXKeQ426DTmyA7qGcfwqSrUsRtM8P0DBMNX0rs50o_Nof3n9ji4tFII4gqzyzUpo4feFPxi_bFgcUJLkUk=s1219" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="689" data-original-width="1219" height="271" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgWm7MEd8NjRM_kM_dVyuU_cHI86DcppRfFEnXfYJIjG5yVQxX_PfbMnZuglIBMI51JVUAW_2RVmMHVIQL-ZRMCVMy8xmrrRoaF2Pc9jMMXKeQ426DTmyA7qGcfwqSrUsRtM8P0DBMNX0rs50o_Nof3n9ji4tFII4gqzyzUpo4feFPxi_bFgcUJLkUk=w479-h271" width="479" /></a></div>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;">El resultado de la COP26 estuvo muy por debajo
de lo que era necesario.</span><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;">Ante toda la evidencia y todas las palabras dichas,
el mundo tuvo otra oportunidad de actuar en consecuencia, asumiendo compromisos
firmes e irrevocables para combatir el cambio climático.</span><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;">La realidad resultó diferente. La evidencia
presentada y los discursos pronunciados no se recogieron en el resultado de la
Cumbre del Clima, que culminó en un acuerdo <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">de
minimis</i> de “último minuto”.</span><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;">Cada día que pasa queda más claro que la Unión
Europea debe tomar la iniciativa en esta lucha.</span><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;">Por lo tanto, pregunto: ¿Qué iniciativa
política está considerando el Consejo para abordar el resultado inadecuado de
la COP26?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">Respuesta </span></b><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">(14 de febrero de
2022):</span><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: justify;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;">«El 20 de diciembre de 2021, la Presidencia y
la Comisión informaron al Consejo sobre varias reuniones internacionales
recientes, incluida la cumbre climática COP26.(1)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;">La COP26 representa un importante paso adelante
en la acción climática global. Después de dos semanas de intensas discusiones,
las Partes se fueron de Glasgow con un sólido reglamento de París y una
ambición climática global fortalecida, cerrando aún más la brecha con los
objetivos a largo plazo del Acuerdo de París. En la COP26 se lanzaron varias
iniciativas importantes, como el Compromiso Global de Metano. Además, el Pacto
Climático de Glasgow hizo historia con la inclusión de un lenguaje que pedía
una reducción gradual de los subsidios ineficientes al carbón y a los
combustibles fósiles.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;">En vista de la creciente ambición en materia de
mitigación, se ha pedido a las Partes que presenten objetivos para 2030
alineados con París en 2022 y se convocará una mesa redonda ministerial anual
de alto nivel sobre la ambición anterior a 2030 a partir de 2022.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left;">La UE seguirá trabajando arduamente con las
demás Partes sobre mitigación, adaptación y financiación para garantizar que se
mantenga un nivel adecuado de ambición global, lo que nos permitirá mantener
los objetivos de París, en particular el objetivo de 1,5 °C, al alcance.».</span></p><div style="mso-element: footnote-list;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><br clear="all" />
<hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" />
<!--[endif]-->
<div id="ftn1" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif">Traducción no oficial.<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> </b>Lengua original: portugués.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif"><o:p>(1) </o:p></span><span face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #666666;">Meeting information available at: </span><span class="underline" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;"><a href="https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/meetings/env/2021/12/20/">https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/meetings/env/2021/12/20/</a></span><span face="Arial, sans-serif"> </span></p>
</div>
</div><br /><p></p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2750593565692173320.post-45729914741376187852022-02-05T10:47:00.002-08:002022-02-05T10:47:49.278-08:00New breeding techniques and regulation of GMOs: South African update<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiVFklhmRSh14_SPGmz52EF6jifDaMpbFSsWtsZemGN-cvMI04kme8tboxyy9RhjYXF9Ijl3wNPEg3N247tI7WhweZfTkMVOo8HGJQdQaCgOhMIdq2OPFbxZv6W1o-DxDcQuwoKSwaRGI87iCiIxKRzfff5kuoLGm-QoBq0jYIGVnJZIjIK-Iyn3V21=s510" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="218" data-original-width="510" height="226" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiVFklhmRSh14_SPGmz52EF6jifDaMpbFSsWtsZemGN-cvMI04kme8tboxyy9RhjYXF9Ijl3wNPEg3N247tI7WhweZfTkMVOo8HGJQdQaCgOhMIdq2OPFbxZv6W1o-DxDcQuwoKSwaRGI87iCiIxKRzfff5kuoLGm-QoBq0jYIGVnJZIjIK-Iyn3V21=w528-h226" width="528" /></a></div><br /><p></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke: 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #1c1c1c; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: justify;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">Introduction</strong></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke: 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #1c1c1c; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: justify;">In 2019, the scope of the South African Genetically Modified Organisms Act 1997 (the GMO Act),<a class="logclick ct_cont endnotelink" href="https://www.lexology.com/commentary/healthcare-life-sciences/south-africa/ensafrica/new-breeding-techniques-and-regulation-of-gmos-south-african-update?utm_source=Lexology%2bDaily%2bNewsfeed&utm_medium=HTML%2bemail%2b-%2bPro%2bEmbed%2b-%2bGeneral%2bsection&utm_campaign=Lexology%2bsubscriber%2bdaily%2bfeed&utm_content=Lexology%2bDaily%2bNewsfeed%2b2022-02-03#1" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #276674; font-size: 11.25px; font-weight: 600; outline: 0px !important; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: super; word-break: break-word;">(1)</a> as amended by the Genetically Modified Organisms Act 2006,<a class="logclick ct_cont endnotelink" href="https://www.lexology.com/commentary/healthcare-life-sciences/south-africa/ensafrica/new-breeding-techniques-and-regulation-of-gmos-south-african-update?utm_source=Lexology%2bDaily%2bNewsfeed&utm_medium=HTML%2bemail%2b-%2bPro%2bEmbed%2b-%2bGeneral%2bsection&utm_campaign=Lexology%2bsubscriber%2bdaily%2bfeed&utm_content=Lexology%2bDaily%2bNewsfeed%2b2022-02-03#2" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #276674; font-size: 11.25px; font-weight: 600; outline: 0px !important; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: super; word-break: break-word;">(2)</a> in relation to new breeding techniques (NBTs) was explored and recommendations were made (for further details, please see "<a href="https://www.lexology.com/commentary/healthcare-life-sciences/south-africa/ensafrica/new-breeding-techniques-and-regulation-of-genetically-modified-organisms" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #276674; outline: 0px !important; text-decoration-line: none; word-break: break-word;">New breeding techniques and regulation of genetically modified organisms</a>"). NBTs include many now popular and commonly used tools for genome editing, including clustered regularly interspersed short palindromic repeats (CRISPR).</p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke: 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #1c1c1c; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: justify;">Fundamentally, the debate related to whether NBTs and products arising from NBTs were subject to the current regulatory system governing genetically modified organisms (GMOs). The main question was related to the definition of GMOs in the GMO Act and which organisms fall within this definition and therefore must be regulated as GMOs in terms of the GMO Act, and which organisms will be excluded from the application of the GMO Act.</p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke: 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #1c1c1c; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: justify;">The GMO Act defines a GMO as "an organism the genes or genetic material of which has been modified in a way that does not occur naturally through mating or natural recombination or both".</p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke: 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #1c1c1c; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: justify;">The regulation of organisms created through NBTs and the characterisation of such organisms, or products derived from them, creates difficulties in that since such organisms do not necessarily incorporate genetic material from another organism in their genome, it can be extremely difficult to determine whether organisms were created by conventional breeding or random mutation, or that the organisms were indeed created through NBTs.</p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke: 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #1c1c1c; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: justify;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><a class="logclick ct_cont endNoteAnchor" id="Recent development" name="Recent development" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #276674; outline: 0px !important; word-break: break-word;"></a>Recent development</strong></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke: 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #1c1c1c; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: justify;">In a public notice published on 27 October 2021, the position in South Africa was clarified by the Executive Council under the GMO Act, in which it was concluded that the current risk assessment framework that exists for GMOs and products derived from GMOs would also apply to organisms created through NBTs.</p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke: 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #1c1c1c; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: justify;">The Executive Council consists of representatives of seven different departments within the South African government and is an advisory body to the Minister of the Department of Agriculture, Land Reform and Rural Development (DALRRD) on matters relating to GMOs. The Executive Council is also the decision-making body that approves or rejects GMO permit applications.</p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke: 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #1c1c1c; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: justify;">Accordingly, the application templates for contained use, trial release, commodity clearance and general release of GMOs have been revised and there are now <a href="https://www.dalrrd.gov.za/Branches/Agricultural-Production-Health-Food-Safety/Genetic-Resources/Biosafety/Services/PDF-Application-Forms" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #276674; outline: 0px !important; text-decoration-line: none; word-break: break-word;">revised application forms</a> for GMO permits.</p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke: 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #1c1c1c; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: justify;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><a class="logclick ct_cont endNoteAnchor" id="Key concerns" name="Key concerns" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #276674; outline: 0px !important; word-break: break-word;"></a>Key concerns</strong></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke: 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #1c1c1c; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: justify;">The decision by the Executive Council has met with some criticism and disappointment within the agricultural industry in South Africa. This strict approach to organisms created using NBTs is contrary to the practices followed in several other countries in the world – most particularly, Brazil, Argentina, Japan and Israel – and has been argued to be onerous and impractical.</p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke: 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #1c1c1c; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: justify;">In particular, some agricultural industry concerns that have been raised include that:</p><ul style="-webkit-text-stroke: 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #1c1c1c; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 0px;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify;">local innovators developing organisms created with NBTs or products derived from these organisms may be discouraged from developing NBT technology, in turn resulting in local innovation in the production of new and innovative plant varieties that make use of such techniques for pathogen resistance, drought tolerance and the like falling behind;</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify;">the ability of local farmers to access such NBT organisms may be detrimentally affected, in turn resulting in similar challenges with regard to pathogen resistance, drought tolerance, and sustainable and environmentally conscious farming;</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify;">foreign entities involved in the development of NBT organisms or products may be discouraged from importing such organisms or products into South Africa, to the detriment of the South African industry and consumers, and particularly in relation to food products. This could, at worst, result in food insecurity; or</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify;">alternatively, products derived from NBT organisms may be imported into South Africa without proper regulatory approval, and since it is so difficult to characterise such products as derived from an NBT, there would be an unfair advantage created for unscrupulous entities.</li></ul><p style="-webkit-text-stroke: 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #1c1c1c; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: justify;">This has led to an appeal under section 19 of the GMO Act by the Agricultural Business Chamber, which is engaging with DALRRD and the Executive Council to try to develop an alternative, effective, efficient and evidence-based regulation of products derived from NBTs. The proposal is that organisms generated through NBTs should not be subject to regulation under the GMO Act if they are identical to, or indistinguishable from, products that could have been obtained naturally or through conventional breeding methods.</p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke: 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #1c1c1c; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: justify;">The alternative approach proposed in the appeal is similar to <a href="https://globebpcrm-my.sharepoint.com/personal/mary_mcgowan_lbresearch_com/Documents/2022/Healthcare/8%20February/New%20breeding%20techniques%20and%20regulation%20of%20genetically%20modified%20organisms" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #276674; outline: 0px !important; text-decoration-line: none; word-break: break-word;">a previously proposed approach</a> in that rather than blanket regulation of non-natural processes (including the use of NBTs) for genetic modification of organisms, or the organisms created by such processes, provision should be made, within a system that is both process- and product-triggered, for regulation to focus on genetic modification that is likely to be more harmful, hazardous or risky to the environment, human and animal health than that which might be achieved by natural mating or natural recombination. This type of assessment could be performed by the regulator on a case-by-case basis, taking into account information provided by an applicant through a preliminary notification procedure.</p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke: 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #1c1c1c; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: justify;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><a class="logclick ct_cont endNoteAnchor" id="Comment" name="Comment" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #276674; outline: 0px !important; word-break: break-word;"></a>Comment</strong></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke: 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #1c1c1c; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: justify;">Given the importance of NBTs in the development of new-generation plant varieties having improved properties in relation to pathogen resistance and drought tolerance, and to facilitate sustainable and environmentally conscious farming, the outcome of the appeal is awaited with much anticipation.</p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke: 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #1c1c1c; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: justify;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">For further information on this topic please contact </em><a href="http://www.internationallawoffice.com/Directory/ENSafrica/Cape-Town/Joanne-van-Harmelen" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #276674; outline: 0px !important; text-decoration-line: none; word-break: break-word;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">Joanne van Harmelen</em></a><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"> at ENS Africa by telephone (+27 21 410 2500) or email (<a href="mailto:jvanharmelen@ensafrica.com?subject=ILO%20article" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #276674; outline: 0px !important; text-decoration-line: none; word-break: break-word;" title="Email Ms Joanne van Harmelen">jvanharmelen@ensafrica.com</a>). The ENS Africa can be accessed at </em><a href="http://www.ensafrica.com/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #276674; outline: 0px !important; text-decoration-line: none; word-break: break-word;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">www.ensafrica.com</em></a><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">.</em></p><p class="logclick ct_cont endNoteHeading" style="-webkit-text-stroke: 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #1c1c1c; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: justify;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">Endnotes</strong></p><p class="logclick ct_cont endNote" style="-webkit-text-stroke: 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #1c1c1c; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: justify;"><a class="logclick ct_cont endNoteAnchor" id="1" name="1" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #276674; outline: 0px !important; word-break: break-word;"></a>(1) Act No. 15 of 1997.</p><p class="logclick ct_cont endNote" style="-webkit-text-stroke: 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #1c1c1c; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: justify;"><a class="logclick ct_cont endNoteAnchor" id="2" name="2" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #276674; outline: 0px !important; word-break: break-word;"></a>(2) Act No. 23 of 2006.</p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2750593565692173320.post-32555642389762185802022-02-01T15:14:00.005-08:002022-02-01T15:17:17.967-08:00INDIA: Food Wars of 2021<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke: 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;">Innovation is vital for the survival and productivity of every industry in the market, and the catering and hospitality industry is no exception. The packaged food industry has evolved to keep up with consumer expectations. Trademark selection and registration is vital for any packaged food company in order to build & protect its reputation.</span></span></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke: 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: justify;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;">Throughout 2021 there have been several disputed intellectual property wars with regards to Trademarks and a dramatic spike in the number of trademarks filed for registration.</span></em></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke: 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"> The </em>trademark feud between <a class="logclick ct_cont" href="https://indiankanoon.org/doc/30082527/" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(223, 223, 223); box-sizing: border-box; color: #276674; outline: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; word-break: break-word;" target="_blank">ITC Limited and Nestle India Limited</a> illustrates the type of wars fought in the battlefield of the Courts, the venue in this case was the Madras High Court. In 2021, the Madras High Court put an end to a 6 years-long battle over the use of the phrase “Magic Masala”. The issue before the Court was whether the phrase qualifies as a trademark and is it capable of being monopolized? Generally, descriptive words or phrases ought not to be protected as trademarks. However, they can be registered if they attain any secondary meaning identifying a specific product. In this case therefore, what the Court had to see was whether the words “Magic Masala” was capable of distinguishing the goods of ITC Limited.</span></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke: 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;">The Madras High Court held that the words “Magic” and “Masala” are words used in common parlance in the food industry and their adoption by Nestle cannot be said to be mala fide. The Hon’ble Court referring to Section 9(1) of the Trade Marks Act, 1999 which prohibits the registration of generic marks, held that it was a legitimate adoption by Nestle as no person can appropriate generic or laudatory words and such words cannot be monopolized by one person.</span></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke: 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">The next war was waged on the battlefield of the Delhi High Court. The protagonists were </em>Britannia Industries Ltd and ITC Limited. The issue involved was the use of packaging by ITC for their digestive biscuits under their brands “Sunfeast Veda Digestive” and “Sunfeast 5-Seed Digestive”. Britannia claimed that the trade dresses of ITC’s biscuits were similar to that of Britannia’s “Nutri Choice Hi-Fibre Biscuits”. (The respective labels are included in this article for academic purposes.)</span></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke: 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;">The Delhi High Court after considering the submissions of both the parties held that the packaging of both products was not similar so as to cause any deception or confusion. The Court was of the opinion that the test for a case of infringement or passing off is that of confusing or deceptive similarity in the minds of the public at large, and the courts must focus upon as to whether there is an extent of deceptive similarity between the marks irrespective of their individual dissimilar features, and that the approach must emphasize upon the similarities, rather than the dissimilarities between those marks. Therefore, relying upon a few precedents, the Court dismissed Britannia’s claims through its judgment dated April 5, 2021.</span></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke: 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;"><div class="image-clippable-wrapper" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; position: relative;"><div class="clip-icon-wrapper" style="background-color: #266671; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; height: 40px; position: absolute; right: -40px; top: 0px; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s; width: 40px;"><div class="clip-icon" style="bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: table; height: 40px; padding-left: 11px; padding-top: 8px; top: 0px; width: 40px;"><span class="fal fa-cut" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; color: white; display: inline-block; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: 1; text-rendering: auto;"></span></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="image-clippable-wrapper" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; position: relative;"> <img alt="" src="https://d2dzik4ii1e1u6.cloudfront.net/images/lexology/static/040f6a9e-163e-4e83-beb2-3f88d3a730d1.JPG" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle;" /></div> </div></div></span><p></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke: 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: justify;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;">*We claim no copyright rights in the above image. It has been used for representational and academic purposes only.</span></em></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke: 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;">A recent update in the case is that Britannia Industries had filed an appeal against the judgment to the Division Bench of Delhi High Court on the grounds that impugned judgment was being publicized heavily and thereby causing a loss of its goodwill and reputation. During the pendency of the appeal, ITC Ltd. made modifications to their packaging of the ‘Sunfeast Farmlite 5-Seed Digestive’ and ‘Sunfeast Farmlite Veda Digestive’ biscuits as to which Britannia had no objection. Accordingly, vide the judgment dated 4th August 2021 the matter was considered amicably resolved between the parties and Britannia Industries withdrew all claims for rendition of accounts, damages, and costs.</span></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke: 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;">In another war fought again on the Delhi High Court battlefield between FDC Ltd. and Faraway Foods Pvt. Ltd.; the contours of “deceptive similarity” were put to test in order to determine the extent of infringement. FDC claimed to have coined and adopted the trade mark "MUMMUM" for infant foods. Faraway adopted the mark “the Mumum Co.” for snack foods. FDC contended that Faraway’s mark was similar visually, structurally and phonetically to its mark. It was held that t<em style="box-sizing: border-box;">he products of Faraway could not be consumed by infants, who are the end-users of FDC Ltd. and thus there is no overlap. </em>It is an established principle that a trademark applied on the products which do not have the same end-users as a registered trademark cannot be said to be infringing. <em style="box-sizing: border-box;">Except for the phonetic similarity between “MUMMUM” and “MUMUM”, no prima facie case of infringement was made out a</em>nd therefore, the Delhi High Court refused to grant an interim injunction to FDC Ltd.</span></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke: 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><div class="image-clippable-wrapper" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; position: relative;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;"><div class="clip-icon-wrapper" style="background-color: #266671; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; height: 40px; position: absolute; right: -40px; top: 0px; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s; width: 40px;"><div class="clip-icon" style="bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: table; height: 40px; padding-left: 11px; padding-top: 8px; top: 0px; width: 40px;"><span class="fal fa-cut" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; color: white; display: inline-block; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: 1; text-rendering: auto;"></span></div></div><div style="text-align: justify;"> <img alt="" src="https://d2dzik4ii1e1u6.cloudfront.net/images/lexology/static/8da971ab-fdd6-4e81-b5e6-0ef33333dd54.JPG" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; height: 189px; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; width: 293px;" /></div></span></div><p></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke: 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: justify;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;">*We claim no copyright rights in the above image. It has been used for representational and academic purposes only.</span></em></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke: 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;">Another instance was that of Victoria Foods Pvt. Ltd. v. Rajdhani Masala Co.; Victoria claimed to have conceived and adopted the trademark “Rajdhani” for food products, condiments, confectionery. Whereas Rajdhani Masala Co. was engaged in the business of spices under the trade names “Rajdhani Masale Co.” and “New Rajdhani Masala Co.”. In this case, the Delhi High Court granted an interim order restraining Rajdhani Masala Co. from using the trademark “Rajdhani” on the grounds of deceptive similarity. The Court concluded that the Victora had established a prima facie case in its favour.</span></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke: 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;">The food industry is highly dependent on brand value. Selection of a brand and its proper protection is cardinally important for this industry. Wrong selection and adoption of a trademark and the packaging material including the colour scheme and the features used on the packaging must be carefully examined before introducing the product in the market place.</span></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke: 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke: 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://s3.amazonaws.com/documents.lexology.com/afc636ad-b69e-4c50-974d-bd91985f1bfe.pdf?AWSAccessKeyId=AKIAVYILUYJ754JTDY6T&Expires=1643756722&Signature=ul%2BSmcZ2SIRpcTatl%2Boq1ygPYUY%3D" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" target="_blank"><img alt="" data-original-height="192" data-original-width="453" height="136" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg7b6fNalBWgielM18dVTfll5F_OqMw1KQ18ezf8JPdhnWlnyqrpIpDvapXtRqnBnTJO6WErOnOsQzmMRooRe8iJVzeOIYwqXUV7Q6bFMVeR75vQc6VjFTeIqR4LyVpxPeTD_FxIzeE_57lqpcn7hTmdUJrJBsDbfaelNt9rZwJcryvI5V3QPRvZGkb" width="320" /></a></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.rkdewan.com/">https://www.rkdewan.com/</a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;"><br /><br /></span><p></p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2750593565692173320.post-18315214739273287672022-01-29T10:33:00.021-08:002022-01-29T10:44:23.678-08:00CHINA: The "Vanillin" Technical Secret Infringement Case is Selected Into 2021 Top Ten Cases of People's Courts<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiqX852BeUk3orT31MWkTUcZ1AsW-_rx9WvreLBVy8HBu9ukwlUNEPU7ZghAfkslc13VRHqhOz8qSwvrsDxP7eWqpct7uHaGww2BQMUK-u5vTOI7nh94GEtmHrsa072FiifwKi1ywq6KOUbR-dxtS-SYIobvEmeRZ5wxlAFidKE-JZ-DFapJmuVeZF0=s876" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="602" data-original-width="876" height="336" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiqX852BeUk3orT31MWkTUcZ1AsW-_rx9WvreLBVy8HBu9ukwlUNEPU7ZghAfkslc13VRHqhOz8qSwvrsDxP7eWqpct7uHaGww2BQMUK-u5vTOI7nh94GEtmHrsa072FiifwKi1ywq6KOUbR-dxtS-SYIobvEmeRZ5wxlAFidKE-JZ-DFapJmuVeZF0=w488-h336" width="488" /></a></div><br /> <p></p><div class="article-body" id="articlebody" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #212529; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 14.4px; margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-top: 0px; text-align: justify;">On January 5, 2022, the 2021 top ten cases of people's courts selected by the Editorial Department of the People's Court Daily were released. The "vanillin" technical secret infringement case heard by the Intellectual Property Tribunal of the Supreme People's Court (SPC) was selected as one of the ten cases. The ten cases include both criminal cases and civil cases and all have major influence, are widely concerned by society, or have an important exemplary and leading role in public order and good customs.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #212529; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 14.4px; margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-top: 0px; text-align: justify;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">Case Brief:</em></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #212529; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 14.4px; margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-top: 0px; text-align: justify;">Jiaxing Zhonghua Chemical Co., Ltd. and Shanghai Xinchen New Technology Co., Ltd. (collectively referred to "plaintiffs") jointly developed a new technical process for producing vanillin and protected it as a trade secret. After obtaining the trade secret by illegal means, Wang Long Group Co. and Wang Long Technology Co. started to produce vanillin from June, 2011, which caused the global market share of Jiaxing Zhonghua Chemical Co., Ltd. to decline from 60% to 50%.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #212529; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 14.4px; margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-top: 0px; text-align: justify;">The Zhejiang Higher People's Court ruled in the first instance that Wang Long Group Co. and other defendants had infringed part of the technical secret and ordered them to stop the infringement and compensate for the plaintiffs' losses. Despite this ruling, the defendants did not actually stop using the concerned technical secret. The SPC determined in the second instance that the defendants had infringed all of the technical secret, and ruled to revoke the first-instance judgment and order the defendants to jointly compensate CNY 159 million to the plaintiffs.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #212529; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 14.4px; margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-top: 0px; text-align: justify;">Professor LONG Weiqiu of the Law School of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics commented that,</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #212529; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 14.4px; margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-top: 0px; text-align: justify;">"In the "vanillin" trade secret case heard by the SPC, a highest ever amount of damages in China's judicial history was awarded, which shows China's determination to enhance the protection of trade secrets. The second-instance judgement brings forth important rules for resolving the judicial protection of trade secrets and is also an exemplary work of strengthening the judicial protection of trade secrets and thus has a strong guiding significance for judicial practice.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #212529; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 14.4px; margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-top: 0px; text-align: justify;">Trade secrets, as the most important and competitive intangible asset of enterprises, are also strategic resources for enterprise innovation and market competition and have attracted more and more attention. Statistics show that about 60% of the innovations of technology companies are initially in the form of technical secrets. However, with the rapid development of information technology such as internet, big data, and artificial intelligence, the means of infringing trade secrets are more diverse and the related costs are also lower. Furthermore, as many enterprises in China have a low level of awareness of trade secret protection, there are more and more disputes over trade secret infringement, which has become an important problem that restricts small and medium-sized enterprises from becoming bigger and stronger.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #212529; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 14.4px; margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-top: 0px; text-align: justify;">The intersection of civil issues and criminal issues and the convergence of civil law and criminal law in the protection of trade secrets, as well as the intersection of anti-unfair competition and intellectual property protection, are all difficult problems that have long plagued judicial practice. Currently, China's Civil Code, Anti-Unfair Competition Law, and Criminal Law, etc. have made relevant provisions on the protection of trade secrets. China's State Administration for Market Regulation is studying and formulating the Regulations on the Protection of Trade Secrets, which would clarify the connotation and extension of trade secrets through the method of "definition + enumeration" and specify the acts constituting infringement of trade secrets. In the future, it is still necessary to specifically raise the legislation level of trade secrets at the national level, increase the intensity of trade secret law enforcement, and build a trade secret protection system that meets China's national situations."</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #212529; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 14.4px; margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-top: 0px;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">From <a href="https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzUzNjk5MDczOQ==&mid=2247492223&idx=1&sn=08cc00848955598 b4ebd938ae342980c&chksm=faef6703cd98ee152890ddce9573136e29fe 81891363fbd2534692dfa2a8c249e57dd6483456 &scene=90&subscene=93&sessionid=1641487531&clicktime=1641487587&enterid=1641487587#rd" target="_blank">https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzUzNjk5MDczOQ==&mid=2247492223&idx=1&sn=08cc00848955598<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />b4ebd938ae342980c&chksm=faef6703cd98ee152890ddce9573136e29fe<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />81891363fbd2534692dfa2a8c249e57dd6483456<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />&scene=90&subscene=93&sessionid=1641487531&clicktime=1641487587&enterid=1641487587#rd</a></em></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #212529; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 14.4px; margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-top: 0px;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">AFD China Newsletter is intended to provide our clients and business partners information only. The information provided on the newsletter should not be considered as professional advice, and should not form the basis of any business decisions.</em></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #212529; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 14.4px; margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-top: 0px;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br /></em></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-top: 0px;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; color: #212529; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 14.4px; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgYX9LMuJkfDd1P5T7DRcaq7v6FQeYljNlWryl9btffkocwX_6rdSuTdLw-Z5KCfd4Z0Ld2ULWQRuU8xfNirrNXXgB1m_Clx2_S3gys9BogL87hCmO9wayeTlBNuAtzI8DhoZTP8kBYf0198rNio75vIfU8DqYKhVrQk5ExJ56pwC1KQrZwiW-jsarv=s549" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="299" data-original-width="549" height="174" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgYX9LMuJkfDd1P5T7DRcaq7v6FQeYljNlWryl9btffkocwX_6rdSuTdLw-Z5KCfd4Z0Ld2ULWQRuU8xfNirrNXXgB1m_Clx2_S3gys9BogL87hCmO9wayeTlBNuAtzI8DhoZTP8kBYf0198rNio75vIfU8DqYKhVrQk5ExJ56pwC1KQrZwiW-jsarv=s320" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span face="Open Sans, sans-serif" style="color: #212529;"><span style="font-size: 14.4px;"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/groups/7426408/">https://www.linkedin.com/groups/7426408/</a></span></span></div><br /><em style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #212529; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 14.4px;"><br /></em><p></p></div></div><div class="article-title-bar authors" style="align-items: center; background: rgb(215, 217, 218); box-sizing: border-box; color: #636b73; display: flex; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 14.4px; justify-content: space-between; margin-top: 35px; padding: 4px 0px 4px 10px; width: 738px;">See also: <a href="https://www.yicaiglobal.com/news/chinese-court-rules-vanillin-maker-wanglong-must-pay-usd246-million-for-stealing-trade-secrets">https://www.yicaiglobal.com/news/chinese-court-rules-vanillin-maker-wanglong-must-pay-usd246-million-for-stealing-trade-secrets</a></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2750593565692173320.post-22366648693138299092021-12-29T09:49:00.004-08:002021-12-29T09:49:27.370-08:00PARLAMENTO EUROPEO: Consulta pública sobre la legislación relativa a plantas producidas por determinadas nuevas técnicas genómicas<p> </p><p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">• 22 de noviembre de 2021 - Claudia Gamon y
Jan Huitema – [P-005228/2021] - Tema: <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Consulta
pública sobre la legislación relativa a plantas producidas por determinadas
nuevas técnicas genómicas</b></span><a href="file:///C:/Users/casa1/Documents/Pap%C3%A1/PREGUNTASPARLAMENTARIAS_gonzalezvaque_Aranzadi_29.12.2021.docx#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[1]</span></b></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></b></span></a><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";"><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiW19QokcTHuturwNxlXQSJS0g2wjWGgTIRIoNxqA6CZOJXyoUzM85HkkPHocX4ood7ylh_mXKbPP0jI5BeIpHdGOgMcEeqaqW1CJ5Q-8dm5_CbXDFKrp8IKJ_bZqoh9YQ3-Fs1xbIxzdsA4NhneEN51Clg673Yn0lHXv2Uu2ctYkd1AFTGWYA58D_G=s980" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="553" data-original-width="980" height="236" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiW19QokcTHuturwNxlXQSJS0g2wjWGgTIRIoNxqA6CZOJXyoUzM85HkkPHocX4ood7ylh_mXKbPP0jI5BeIpHdGOgMcEeqaqW1CJ5Q-8dm5_CbXDFKrp8IKJ_bZqoh9YQ3-Fs1xbIxzdsA4NhneEN51Clg673Yn0lHXv2Uu2ctYkd1AFTGWYA58D_G=w417-h236" width="417" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Basándose en las conclusiones de su estudio, la
Comisión propone la adopción de una legislación sobre plantas producidas
mediante determinadas nuevas técnicas genómicas (NGT). Entre el 24 de
septiembre y el 22 de octubre de 2021 se realizó una consulta pública online.
Los Verdes / EFA y varias organizaciones alimentarias internacionales llevaron
a cabo una campaña eficaz mediante formularios <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">precompletados</i> utilizando la aplicación ‘Proca’</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/casa1/Documents/Pap%C3%A1/PREGUNTASPARLAMENTARIAS_gonzalezvaque_Aranzadi_29.12.2021.docx#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[2]</span></b></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></b></span></a><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">. Se enviaron 70.894
comentarios en total</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/casa1/Documents/Pap%C3%A1/PREGUNTASPARLAMENTARIAS_gonzalezvaque_Aranzadi_29.12.2021.docx#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[3]</span></b></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></b></span></a><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">1. ¿Conoce la Comisión el uso de presentaciones
estándar automatizadas en este proceso de consulta pública, específicamente a
través de aplicaciones como ‘Proca’ que permiten a los participantes enviar más
de una respuesta a la página de comentarios de la consulta pública?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">2. ¿Cree que puede resultar una imagen
distorsionada debido al uso de presentaciones estándar y, de no ser así, por
qué no?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">3. ¿Puede indicar cómo utilizará los resultados
de esta campaña en el análisis que conducirá a recomendaciones sobre
legislación para plantas producidas por NGT, y cómo garantizará que los
resultados no se vean afectados negativamente por respuestas unilaterales como
estas? <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">Respuesta de la Sra. Kyriakides en nombre de la Comisión Europea</span></b><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";"> (20 de diciembre de 2021): <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">«1. En el
curso de la recepción de los comentarios sobre la evaluación de impacto inicial
de la legislación sobre plantas producidas mediante determinadas técnicas
genómicas nuevas, la Comisión recibió 70.894 respuestas, de las cuales el 98%
se identificaron como procedentes de campañas</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/casa1/Documents/Pap%C3%A1/PREGUNTASPARLAMENTARIAS_gonzalezvaque_Aranzadi_29.12.2021.docx#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[4]</span></b></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></b></span></a><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">. En el sitio web del grupo Verdes / Alianza Libre Europea (ALE)
del Parlamento Europeo se puso a disposición una plantilla de respuesta <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">precompilada</i> y modificable por el
usuario; también se publicaron plantillas similares en los sitios web de
organizaciones no gubernamentales.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">2. De
acuerdo con las orientaciones para la mejora de la legislación, la Comisión
comprueba sistemáticamente si las contribuciones se crean artificialmente o si
las respuestas proceden de campañas. Las respuestas de la campaña se consultarán
y analizarán por separado de las respuestas individuales que no pertenecen a la
campaña. El análisis de la retroalimentación está actualmente en curso.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">3. La
Comisión está plenamente comprometida a recopilar las opiniones de todos los
interesados, informar de forma transparente sobre los resultados de las
actividades de consulta y sobre cómo se utilizan las contribuciones en el
proceso de formulación de políticas. Las aportaciones de los ciudadanos, las
empresas y la sociedad civil se publican en el informe de evaluación de
impacto, junto con explicaciones sobre cómo se tiene en cuenta esta
información.».<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<div style="mso-element: footnote-list;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><br clear="all" />
<hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" />
<!--[endif]-->
<div id="ftn1" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="file:///C:/Users/casa1/Documents/Pap%C3%A1/PREGUNTASPARLAMENTARIAS_gonzalezvaque_Aranzadi_29.12.2021.docx#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[1]</span></b></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></b></span></a><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;">
</span></b><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;">Traducción no oficial;
lenguas originales: alemán y holandés.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn2" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="file:///C:/Users/casa1/Documents/Pap%C3%A1/PREGUNTASPARLAMENTARIAS_gonzalezvaque_Aranzadi_29.12.2021.docx#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[2]</span></b></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></b></span></a><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;">
</span></b><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;">https://proca.app/<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn3" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="file:///C:/Users/casa1/Documents/Pap%C3%A1/PREGUNTASPARLAMENTARIAS_gonzalezvaque_Aranzadi_29.12.2021.docx#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[3]</span></b></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></b></span></a><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;">
</span></b><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;">https://schillipaeppa.net/2021/10/21/demokratie-sabotiert/<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn4" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="file:///C:/Users/casa1/Documents/Pap%C3%A1/PREGUNTASPARLAMENTARIAS_gonzalezvaque_Aranzadi_29.12.2021.docx#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[4]</span></b></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></b></span></a><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;">
https://ec.europa.eu/info/sites/default/files/br_toolbox_-_nov_2021_-_chapter_7.pdf<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2750593565692173320.post-33057276231700207982021-12-26T10:15:00.004-08:002021-12-26T10:16:19.486-08:00PARLAMENTO EUROPEO: Pregunta + respuesta: El impacto de la subida de los costes energéticos en el sector agroalimentario<p> </p><p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">•<span style="font-family: helvetica;"> 28 de octubre de 2021 - Adrián Vázquez
Lázara – [E-004937/2021] - Tema: <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">El
impacto de la subida de los costes energéticos en el sector agroalimentario</b></span></span><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/casa1/Documents/Pap%C3%A1/PREGUNTASPARLAMENTARIAS_Aranzadi_baseacumulativa.docx#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 16pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[1]</span></b></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></b></span></a><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><br /></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhs-IeAD_VeOpR0xDCc2jn0jzR7kZCIEYcEv2cIWTYPi4exLrXp3VfqF21KGE_1HuESZxstZ9H8gQOYa4nHdu74bSqf87E4S2T_L5PMqKjwKRLDOH994Gzr4XGUn-1NUH9nYN2nv5cvgxdGt3JrYZCHAM0hSWcPMEBY87dx1S6WPzVubna84DGsn3kC=s748" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><img border="0" data-original-height="498" data-original-width="748" height="271" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhs-IeAD_VeOpR0xDCc2jn0jzR7kZCIEYcEv2cIWTYPi4exLrXp3VfqF21KGE_1HuESZxstZ9H8gQOYa4nHdu74bSqf87E4S2T_L5PMqKjwKRLDOH994Gzr4XGUn-1NUH9nYN2nv5cvgxdGt3JrYZCHAM0hSWcPMEBY87dx1S6WPzVubna84DGsn3kC=w407-h271" width="407" /></span></a></div><p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: 14pt; text-align: justify;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: 12pt;">En los últimos meses el precio del gas natural
ha subido un 480% en Europa. El 80% del coste de producción de fertilizantes
nitrogenados, de los más utilizados, proviene del gas natural.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: 12pt;">Esta subida de precios está teniendo
fundamentalmente dos consecuencias graves. En primer lugar, algunos fabricantes
de fertilizantes con presencia en Europa ya han anunciado el cierre de algunas
de sus plantas o la reducción de su producción. En segundo lugar, el aumento de
precios en los fertilizantes está provocando que los precios de los alimentos
se disparen.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;">Considerando que paralelamente, en el marco de
la Estrategia «De la Granja a la Mesa», la Estrategia sobre Biodiversidad y la
reciente reforma de la PAC, se están aumentando las exigencias a los
agricultores y ganaderos europeos</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/casa1/Documents/Pap%C3%A1/PREGUNTASPARLAMENTARIAS_Aranzadi_baseacumulativa.docx#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 16pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[2]</span></b></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></b></span></a><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;">, formulo las
siguientes preguntas:<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: 12pt;">1. ¿De qué herramientas legislativas o de
mercado dispone la Comisión para contrarrestar el aumento de precios en la
cadena agroalimentaria?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: 12pt;">2. ¿Está trabajando la Comisión en algún
mecanismo para apoyar a los fabricantes europeos de fertilizantes?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">Respuesta del Sr. Wojciechowski en nombre de la Comisión Europea</span></b><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";"> (15 de diciembre de 2021): <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: 12pt;">«1. Son muchos los factores que influyen en el
precio de los alimentos —no solo el coste de los insumos— y que deben
considerarse en el contexto de los precios de consumo en general. En 2020, los
precios de los alimentos aumentaron más rápidamente que los precios de consumo
en general, pero desde principios de 2021 lo han hecho a un ritmo más lento. En
general, solo una parte de las fluctuaciones de los precios de los insumos dará
lugar a cambios en los precios finales de los alimentos, y ello con retraso. La
Comisión supervisa la evolución de los precios agrícolas, en particular a
través de sus observatorios de mercados, y sigue vigilando la evolución de los
precios de los insumos y su posible impacto en la cadena agroalimentaria. En el
marco de la política agrícola común (PAC), diversas disposiciones (sobre las
organizaciones de productores, las prácticas comerciales desleales y la
transparencia del mercado) apoyan el funcionamiento eficiente de la cadena
agroalimentaria, incluida la fijación de precios. La PAC proporciona
instrumentos para hacer frente a las perturbaciones de precios para los
agricultores, tanto mediante pagos directos como a través de instrumentos de gestión
de riesgos y de crisis.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;">2. La Comisión también supervisa el precio de
los fertilizantes nitrogenados. El aumento de los precios del gas natural,
provocado por una fuerte demanda mundial y un suministro que no responde lo
suficiente, tuvo un impacto negativo en la producción de fertilizantes
nitrogenados. La Comunicación de la Comisión sobre los precios de la energía</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/casa1/Documents/Pap%C3%A1/PREGUNTASPARLAMENTARIAS_Aranzadi_baseacumulativa.docx#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><sup><span face=""Arial",sans-serif"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><sup><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[3]</span></sup></b><!--[endif]--></span></span></sup></b></a><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;"> incluye un conjunto de
medidas de actuación y apoyo que pueden utilizarse para abordar el impacto
inmediato de las subidas de precios y reforzar aún más la resiliencia frente a
las perturbaciones. Las medidas a corto plazo incluyen ayudas directas,
reducciones fiscales, salvaguardias para evitar las desconexiones de red,
aplazamientos de los pagos y medidas de apoyo a las empresas más afectadas,
incluidas las pequeñas y medianas empresas y las industrias de gran consumo de
energía. La Comisión también seguirá apoyando las inversiones en la transición
hacia una energía limpia y estudiará posibles medidas sobre el almacenamiento
de energía y la compra de reservas de gas.»<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<div style="mso-element: footnote-list;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><br clear="all" />
</span><hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" />
<span style="font-family: helvetica;"><!--[endif]-->
</span><div id="ftn1" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/casa1/Documents/Pap%C3%A1/PREGUNTASPARLAMENTARIAS_Aranzadi_baseacumulativa.docx#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[1]</span></b></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></b></span></a><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif">
</span></b><span face=""Arial",sans-serif">Lengua original: español.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-family: helvetica;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn2" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/casa1/Documents/Pap%C3%A1/PREGUNTASPARLAMENTARIAS_Aranzadi_baseacumulativa.docx#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[2]</span></b></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></b></span></a><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif">
</span></b><span face=""Arial",sans-serif">Según el estudio
realizado por el Centro Común de Investigación de la Comisión Europea, los
objetivos de la Estrategia «De la Granja a la Mesa» tendrán un impacto negativo
en los precios.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-family: helvetica;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn3" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/casa1/Documents/Pap%C3%A1/PREGUNTASPARLAMENTARIAS_Aranzadi_baseacumulativa.docx#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[3]</span></b></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></b></span></a><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"> COM(2021) 660 final de 13.10.2021.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><span style="font-family: helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2750593565692173320.post-21357849579015644082021-12-25T15:36:00.000-08:002021-12-25T15:36:02.248-08:00PARLAMENTO EUROPEO: Pregunta + respuesta: Escasez de conductores en la Unión Europea y medidas de apoyo a la formación de conductores<p> </p><p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">• 29 de septiembre de 2021 – Andor Deli y
Andrea Bocskor – [E-004436/2021] - Tema: <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Escasez
de conductores en la Unión Europea y medidas de apoyo a la formación de
conductores</b></span><a href="file:///C:/Users/casa1/Documents/Pap%C3%A1/PREGUNTASPARLAMENTARIAS_Aranzadi_baseacumulativa.docx#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 16pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[1]</span></b></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></b></span></a><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";"><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiNFPQwGOldIzz3OC55y7sfTBWzTvt_FcOah-T8LTECcb05i9NawFW_EhprDEJ020_eRso1BcODDPmATSr6rIhS3ohtopJdbZZFEXCKTvLTwQuKeiUs_Kjq6MVefssPlojDHdNYpzpEENllZT7w7bkPggE4D0F0_dBkxp1XnbTsn3xZxYQeCOk-3icO=s375" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="155" data-original-width="375" height="182" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiNFPQwGOldIzz3OC55y7sfTBWzTvt_FcOah-T8LTECcb05i9NawFW_EhprDEJ020_eRso1BcODDPmATSr6rIhS3ohtopJdbZZFEXCKTvLTwQuKeiUs_Kjq6MVefssPlojDHdNYpzpEENllZT7w7bkPggE4D0F0_dBkxp1XnbTsn3xZxYQeCOk-3icO=w440-h182" width="440" /></a></span></div><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";"><br /></span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">El
transporte por carretera es la fuerza motriz de la economía europea y no podría
funcionar sin conductores debidamente capacitados. Sin embargo, muchos Estados
miembros están experimentando una escasez de conductores y las previsiones a
medio plazo son igualmente alarmantes. Se prevé que el transporte de mercancías
por carretera aumente de forma constante en los próximos años, frente al número
de personas que opten por formarse como conductores de camiones, que muestra
una tendencia constante a la baja. Los gobiernos de los Estados miembros, las
organizaciones de las partes interesadas y las empresas de transporte están
introduciendo una serie de medidas para hacer que la profesión de conductor de
camión sea más atractiva para las personas que tienen que elegir una profesión
o desean volver a capacitarse. La Comisión Europea debería apoyar los esfuerzos
de los Estados miembros.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">1. ¿Qué
medidas está adoptando la Comisión, además de las acciones positivas de los
Estados miembros, para reducir la actual escasez de conductores en el
transporte?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">2. ¿Qué
apoyo puede ofrecer la Comisión a los Estados miembros en este ámbito a medio y
largo plazo?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">3. ¿Qué
medidas y programas de respaldo a nivel de la UE son disponibles para los
Estados miembros en este ámbito, de modo que hagan que la profesión sea más
atractiva para los jóvenes y otras personas que inician su desarrollo
profesional o desean volver a capacitarse?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">Respuesta de la Sra. Vălean en nombre de la Comisión Europea</span></b><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";"> (21 de diciembre de 2021): <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">«Con el
llamado "mobility package" adoptado en 2020</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/casa1/Documents/Pap%C3%A1/PREGUNTASPARLAMENTARIAS_Aranzadi_baseacumulativa.docx#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[2]</span></b></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></b></span></a><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">, la UE contribuye a mejorar las condiciones de trabajo y a un
entorno de trabajo más justo y seguro para los conductores de camiones. La aplicación
y el cumplimiento de las normativas sobre desplazamiento de trabajadores a los
conductores activos en el transporte internacional se facilitan con la
declaración de desplazamiento obligatorio y el despliegue de la segunda
generación del tacógrafo inteligente que también registra los cruces
fronterizos. De esta forma, se trata de evitar la la competencia desleal entre
conductores nacionales y extranjeros ya que ambos están sujetos a las mismas
condiciones laborales. Además, las empresas de transporte ahora deben organizar
el trabajo de los conductores de tal manera que puedan regresar a casa al menos
cada cuatro semanas. Por último, la UE está apoyando financieramente la
construcción de plazas de aparcamiento para camiones seguras y protegidas a lo
largo de la red transeuropea de transporte (red de carreteras TEN-T). Las áreas
de estacionamiento seguras y protegidas contribuyen a mejores condiciones de
trabajo y descanso.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">La Comisión
está apoyando a los Estados miembros y a las correspondientes partes
interesadas a fin de aumentar el interés por la profesión de conductor de
camión a través de diversas medidas y políticas, como el Pilar europeo de
derechos sociales</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/casa1/Documents/Pap%C3%A1/PREGUNTASPARLAMENTARIAS_Aranzadi_baseacumulativa.docx#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[3]</span></b></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></b></span></a><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">, la Estrategia de movilidad inteligente y sostenible</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/casa1/Documents/Pap%C3%A1/PREGUNTASPARLAMENTARIAS_Aranzadi_baseacumulativa.docx#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[4]</span></b></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></b></span></a><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";"> y la Agenda europea de competencias</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/casa1/Documents/Pap%C3%A1/PREGUNTASPARLAMENTARIAS_Aranzadi_baseacumulativa.docx#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[5]</span></b></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></b></span></a><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">. El apoyo financiero se proporciona principalmente a través de
Erasmus+</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/casa1/Documents/Pap%C3%A1/PREGUNTASPARLAMENTARIAS_Aranzadi_baseacumulativa.docx#_ftn6" name="_ftnref6" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn6;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[6]</span></b></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></b></span></a><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";"> y el Fondo Social Europeo</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/casa1/Documents/Pap%C3%A1/PREGUNTASPARLAMENTARIAS_Aranzadi_baseacumulativa.docx#_ftn7" name="_ftnref7" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn7;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[7]</span></b></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></b></span></a><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">Además, la
Comisión está en contacto con los interlocutores sociales con el fin de seguir
mejorando las condiciones laborales de los conductores. Cuenta con ellos para
utilizar su importante papel para incentivar a más jóvenes a elegir la
profesión de camionero y para que otras personas se sientan atraídos por esa
profesión.»<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">--o--<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<div style="mso-element: footnote-list;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><br clear="all" />
</span><hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" />
<span style="font-family: helvetica;"><!--[endif]-->
</span><div id="ftn1" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/casa1/Documents/Pap%C3%A1/PREGUNTASPARLAMENTARIAS_Aranzadi_baseacumulativa.docx#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[1]</span></b></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></b></span></a><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif">
</span></b><span face=""Arial",sans-serif">Traducción no oficial;<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> l</b>engua original: húngaro.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-family: helvetica;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn2" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="tab-stops: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/casa1/Documents/Pap%C3%A1/PREGUNTASPARLAMENTARIAS_Aranzadi_baseacumulativa.docx#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[2]</span></b></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></b></span></a><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"> Regulation (EU) 2020/1054, Regulation (EU)
2020/1055 and Directive (EU) 2020/1057 ; all OJ L 249, 31.07.2020).<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn3" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="tab-stops: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/casa1/Documents/Pap%C3%A1/PREGUNTASPARLAMENTARIAS_Aranzadi_baseacumulativa.docx#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[3]</span></b></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></b></span></a><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"> </span><a href="https://ec.europa.eu/info/strategy/priorities-2019-2024/economy-works-people/jobs-growth-and-investment/european-pillar-social-rights_en"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">https://ec.europa.eu/info/strategy/priorities-2019-2024/economy-works-people/jobs-growth-and-investment/european-pillar-social-rights_en</span></a><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span lang="FR-BE" style="mso-ansi-language: FR-BE; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="tab-stops: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn4" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/casa1/Documents/Pap%C3%A1/PREGUNTASPARLAMENTARIAS_Aranzadi_baseacumulativa.docx#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[4]</span></b></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></b></span></a><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"> </span><a href="https://transport.ec.europa.eu/transport-themes/mobility-strategy_en"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">https://transport.ec.europa.eu/transport-themes/mobility-strategy_en</span></a><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span lang="FR-BE" style="mso-ansi-language: FR-BE; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><span style="font-family: helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn5" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/casa1/Documents/Pap%C3%A1/PREGUNTASPARLAMENTARIAS_Aranzadi_baseacumulativa.docx#_ftnref5" name="_ftn5" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[5]</span></b></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></b></span></a><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"> </span><a href="https://ec.europa.eu/social/main.jsp?catId=1223"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">https://ec.europa.eu/social/main.jsp?catId=1223</span></a><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span lang="FR-BE" style="mso-ansi-language: FR-BE; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><span style="font-family: helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/casa1/Documents/Pap%C3%A1/PREGUNTASPARLAMENTARIAS_Aranzadi_baseacumulativa.docx#_ftnref6" name="_ftn6" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn6;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[6]</span></b></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></b></span></a><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"> </span><a href="https://erasmus-plus.ec.europa.eu/"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">https://erasmus-plus.ec.europa.eu/</span></a><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span lang="FR-BE" style="mso-ansi-language: FR-BE; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/casa1/Documents/Pap%C3%A1/PREGUNTASPARLAMENTARIAS_Aranzadi_baseacumulativa.docx#_ftnref7" name="_ftn7" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn7;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[7]</span></b></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></b></span></a><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"> </span><a href="https://ec.europa.eu/esf/home.jsp"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">https://ec.europa.eu/esf/home.jsp</span></a><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span lang="FR-BE" style="mso-ansi-language: FR-BE; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p>
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